Single cell type - TUBA1A - The Human Protein Atlas

TUBA1A

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GENERAL INFORMATIONⁱ General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene nameⁱ Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.	TUBA1A
Gene descriptionⁱ Full gene name according to HGNC.	Tubulin alpha 1a
Protein classⁱ Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).	Cancer-related genes Disease related genes FDA approved drug targets Human disease related genes Transporters
Predicted locationⁱ All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions. Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached. Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s). The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.	Intracellular
Number of transcriptsⁱ Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.	7

HUMAN PROTEIN ATLAS INFORMATIONⁱ Summary of RNA expression and protein localization based on data generated within the Human Protein Atlas project.
Single cell type expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across single cell types. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Non-specific - Mixed function (mainly)
Single cell type specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell types based on scRNA-seq data from normal tissues. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.	Cell type enhanced (Schwann cells, Ductal cells, Ciliated cells)
Tau specificity scoreⁱ Tau specificity score is a numerical indicator of the specificity of the gene expression across cells or tissues. The value ranges from 0 and 1, where 0 indicates identical expression across all cells/tissue types, while 1 indicates expression in a single cell/tissue type.	0.35
Brain cluster specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell cluster types based on snRNA-seq data from brain samples. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected. "cell type" refer to one of the 34 cluster names used to summarize the 2.5 million cells included in the brain cell representation.	Cell type enhanced (Oligodendrocyte)
Immune cell specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples based on data from HPA. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.	Immune cell enhanced (neutrophil)
Protein evidenceⁱ Evidence score for genes based on UniProt protein existence (UniProt evidence); neXtProt protein existence (neXtProt evidence);and a Human Protein Atlas antibody- or RNA based score (HPA evidence). The avaliable scores are evidence at protein level, evidence at transcript level, no evidence, or not avaliable.	Evidence at protein level

ASSAYSⁱ

SINGLE CELL TYPESⁱ A summary of normalized single cell RNA (nTPM) from all single cell types. Color-coding is based on cell type groups, each consisting of cell types with functional features in common.
Single cell types RNA single cell type specificity: Cell type enhanced (Schwann cells, Ductal cells, Ciliated cells)

TISSUE CELL TYPEⁱ The tissue cell type section provides a cell type specificity prediction for all protein coding genes. More information on the data available can be found here and a description of the analysis here.
	Core cell typesⁱ The core cell type table displays data for a panel of eight cell types that are found in many tissues. Colored dots indicate that the selected gene has core cell type specificity in the indicated tissue. Grey dots indicate that cell type is present within that tissue, but the selected gene is not predicted to be enriched there. Category Alphabetical Enrichment Tissue specific cell typesⁱ This plot shows the enrichment score of the selected gene in all non-core cell types found within the profiled tissues, allowing comparisons between different cell types within different tissues. An enlarged symbol indicates classification of the gene as cell type enriched in the corresponding cell type.

SINGLE NUCLEI BRAINⁱ

Single nuclei cluster types

RNA brain cluster specificity: Cell type enhanced (Oligodendrocyte)

IMMUNE CELL TYPE EXPRESSION (RNA)ⁱ Blood cell type expression overview shows RNA-seq data from three different sources: Internally generated Human Protein Atlas (HPA) data, as well as data generated by (Monaco et al) and (Schmiedel et al). Color-coding is based on blood cell type lineages, including B-cells, T-cells, NK-cells, monocytes, granulocytes and dendritic cells as well as total PBMC. To access sample data, click on tissue name or bar.
HPA datasetⁱ The resulting transcript expression values calculated as nTPM, resulting from the internal normalization pipeline for 18 immune cell types and total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Lineage Expression Alphabetical Immune cell type specificity: Immune cell enhanced (neutrophil)
Monaco datasetⁱ The transcript expression values (nTPM) resulting from the internal normalization pipeline are visualized for 29 blood cell types and total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from Monaco et al. Lineage Expression Alphabetical
Schmiedel datasetⁱ Transcript Per Million (TPM) values are visualized for 15 blood cell types from the Schmiedel et al. dataset. Lineage Expression Alphabetical

EXPRESSION CLUSTERING & CORRELATIONⁱ

SINGLE CELL TYPE

TUBA1A is part of cluster 15 Non-specific - Mixed function with confidenceⁱ 1
295 genes in cluster

Go to interactive expression cluster page

15 nearest neighbours based on single cell RNA expression

Neighbourⁱ Gene name according to HGNC.	Descriptionⁱ Gene description according to HGNC.	Correlationⁱ Correlation between the selected gene and neighboring gene. Correlation is calculated as Spearman correlation in PCA space based on the RNA-seq expression data.	Clusterⁱ ID of the expression cluster of the neighboring gene.
TBCB	Tubulin folding cofactor B	0.5854	15
CUEDC2	CUE domain containing 2	0.5761	15
LGALS1	Galectin 1	0.5585	15
C17orf49	Chromosome 17 open reading frame 49	0.5354	15
ACOT9	Acyl-CoA thioesterase 9	0.5178	14
H3-3B	H3.3 histone B	0.5125	80
PHOX2B	Paired like homeobox 2B	0.5054	10
GDI1	GDP dissociation inhibitor 1	0.5007	49
GNG8	G protein subunit gamma 8	0.4996	15
PPID	Peptidylprolyl isomerase D	0.4769	15
SF3B4	Splicing factor 3b subunit 4	0.4738	15
ANP32D	Acidic nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family member D	0.4680	15
ZMAT5	Zinc finger matrin-type 5	0.4634	15
NEUROD6	Neuronal differentiation 6	0.4634	10
BAX	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	0.4559	15

IMMUNE CELLS

TUBA1A is part of cluster 37 Monocytes & Neutrophils - Innate immune response with confidenceⁱ 1
275 genes in cluster

Go to interactive expression cluster page

15 nearest neighbours based on single cell RNA expression

Neighbourⁱ Gene name according to HGNC.	Descriptionⁱ Gene description according to HGNC.	Correlationⁱ Correlation between the selected gene and neighboring gene. Correlation is calculated as Spearman correlation in PCA space based on the RNA-seq expression data.	Clusterⁱ ID of the expression cluster of the neighboring gene.
CHFR	Checkpoint with forkhead and ring finger domains	1.0000	37
AMPD2	Adenosine monophosphate deaminase 2	0.9762	37
RALB	RAS like proto-oncogene B	0.9762	37
ITGAX	Integrin subunit alpha X	0.9762	37
BCL2A1	BCL2 related protein A1	0.9762	37
PARP9	Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase family member 9	0.9762	28
CASP1	Caspase 1	0.9762	37
SLC31A2	Solute carrier family 31 member 2	0.9762	37
TOR1B	Torsin family 1 member B	0.9762	28
STX11	Syntaxin 11	0.9762	37
PSME3	Proteasome activator subunit 3	0.9762	37
TFE3	Transcription factor binding to IGHM enhancer 3	0.9762	37
RAB2A	RAB2A, member RAS oncogene family	0.9762	37
TRPC4AP	Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 4 associated protein	0.9762	37
PPM1F	Protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1F	0.9762	37

Adipocytes	252.3 nTPM
Breast	334.0 nTPM
Adipose tissue	170.6 nTPM

Alveolar cells type 1	115.3 nTPM
Lung	115.3 nTPM

Alveolar cells type 2	81.5 nTPM
Lung	81.5 nTPM

Astrocytes	47.4 nTPM
Brain	47.4 nTPM

B-cells	223.4 nTPM
Esophagus	354.0 nTPM
Lymph node	342.0 nTPM
Adipose tissue	327.2 nTPM
Skin	306.6 nTPM
Stomach	301.6 nTPM
Lung	244.1 nTPM
Thymus	214.0 nTPM
Salivary gland	194.7 nTPM
Spleen	165.5 nTPM
Liver	159.4 nTPM
Kidney	145.6 nTPM
PBMC	97.0 nTPM
Bone marrow	52.8 nTPM

Ciliated cells	930.9 nTPM
Lung	1302.4 nTPM
Bronchus	1168.2 nTPM
Fallopian tube	825.3 nTPM
Endometrium	427.7 nTPM

Club cells	106.9 nTPM
Bronchus	233.8 nTPM
Lung	53.8 nTPM
Prostate	33.1 nTPM

Dendritic cells	94.2 nTPM
Adipose tissue	145.2 nTPM
PBMC	43.2 nTPM

Endothelial cells	244.8 nTPM
Pancreas	1098.7 nTPM
Placenta	521.7 nTPM
Breast	518.5 nTPM
Endometrium	251.7 nTPM
Ovary	231.8 nTPM
Skeletal muscle	211.4 nTPM
Esophagus	191.8 nTPM
Lung	178.9 nTPM
Fallopian tube	175.5 nTPM
Salivary gland	148.2 nTPM
Testis	129.1 nTPM
Tongue	123.0 nTPM
Thymus	122.3 nTPM
Prostate	114.0 nTPM
Liver	104.6 nTPM
Vascular	102.1 nTPM
Heart muscle	94.0 nTPM
Skin	89.5 nTPM

Enteroendocrine cells	374.4 nTPM
Rectum	838.6 nTPM
Small intestine	223.2 nTPM
Colon	61.4 nTPM

Fibroblasts	359.1 nTPM
Pancreas	745.5 nTPM
Fallopian tube	601.5 nTPM
Breast	589.2 nTPM
Adipose tissue	548.6 nTPM
Skeletal muscle	492.9 nTPM
Esophagus	489.8 nTPM
Stomach	482.8 nTPM
Prostate	332.0 nTPM
Skin	277.5 nTPM
Lung	225.4 nTPM
Salivary gland	223.9 nTPM
Thymus	204.2 nTPM
Vascular	186.1 nTPM
Heart muscle	142.4 nTPM
Placenta	105.0 nTPM
Liver	99.6 nTPM

Granulocytes	850.6 nTPM
Fallopian tube	1777.0 nTPM
Tongue	475.4 nTPM
Lung	299.5 nTPM

Intestinal goblet cells	10.2 nTPM
Rectum	15.4 nTPM
Colon	13.0 nTPM
Small intestine	2.2 nTPM

Lymphatic endothelial cells	768.1 nTPM
Fallopian tube	914.3 nTPM
Ovary	621.9 nTPM

Macrophages	207.3 nTPM
Breast	518.0 nTPM
Fallopian tube	474.9 nTPM
Testis	339.7 nTPM
Kidney	233.6 nTPM
Adipose tissue	221.2 nTPM
Lung	220.7 nTPM
Pancreas	219.9 nTPM
Tongue	199.8 nTPM
Esophagus	195.2 nTPM
Skeletal muscle	185.7 nTPM
Vascular	163.1 nTPM
Stomach	154.3 nTPM
Endometrium	153.7 nTPM
Salivary gland	148.7 nTPM
Thymus	144.4 nTPM
Prostate	122.2 nTPM
Spleen	82.2 nTPM
Skin	81.3 nTPM
Bone marrow	79.1 nTPM

Basal keratinocytes	65.6 nTPM
Tongue	69.3 nTPM
Skin	61.9 nTPM

Basal prostatic cells	77.4 nTPM
Prostate	77.4 nTPM

Basal respiratory cells	172.8 nTPM
Bronchus	172.8 nTPM

Basal squamous epithelial cells	33.2 nTPM
Esophagus	33.2 nTPM

Paneth cells	10.1 nTPM
Small intestine	27.6 nTPM
Rectum	2.7 nTPM
Colon	0.0 nTPM

Plasma cells	32.1 nTPM
Fallopian tube	99.4 nTPM
Stomach	43.6 nTPM
Salivary gland	41.2 nTPM
Esophagus	26.0 nTPM
Liver	19.5 nTPM
Thymus	15.2 nTPM
Bone marrow	7.6 nTPM
Spleen	4.6 nTPM

Schwann cells	1165.7 nTPM
Esophagus	1401.8 nTPM
Vascular	1230.7 nTPM
Adipose tissue	864.7 nTPM

Serous glandular cells	77.4 nTPM
Tongue	101.6 nTPM
Salivary gland	53.2 nTPM

Smooth muscle cells	438.0 nTPM
Fallopian tube	948.7 nTPM
Esophagus	622.3 nTPM
Ovary	595.2 nTPM
Placenta	591.7 nTPM
Lung	566.6 nTPM
Breast	548.4 nTPM
Endometrium	487.9 nTPM
Thymus	431.5 nTPM
Adipose tissue	426.2 nTPM
Skeletal muscle	355.7 nTPM
Salivary gland	316.6 nTPM
Skin	295.5 nTPM
Vascular	255.8 nTPM
Tongue	235.0 nTPM
Liver	166.4 nTPM
Prostate	164.8 nTPM

Suprabasal keratinocytes	110.9 nTPM
Tongue	142.9 nTPM
Skin	79.0 nTPM

T-cells	256.6 nTPM
Breast	563.0 nTPM
Esophagus	416.1 nTPM
Adipose tissue	413.1 nTPM
Fallopian tube	348.7 nTPM
Colon	341.2 nTPM
Stomach	335.7 nTPM
Prostate	312.6 nTPM
Endometrium	300.3 nTPM
Salivary gland	259.1 nTPM
Vascular	253.7 nTPM
Thymus	243.9 nTPM
Lymph node	233.4 nTPM
Skin	233.1 nTPM
Tongue	220.8 nTPM
Skeletal muscle	215.5 nTPM
Lung	204.5 nTPM
Spleen	126.4 nTPM
Kidney	121.5 nTPM
Liver	113.5 nTPM
PBMC	84.3 nTPM
Bone marrow	47.5 nTPM

Undifferentiated cells	22.3 nTPM
Colon	25.2 nTPM
Rectum	22.0 nTPM
Small intestine	19.8 nTPM

Amygdala excitatory	91.0 nTPM
Thalamus	155.2 nTPM
Basal ganglia	122.2 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	89.7 nTPM
Hippocampus	80.0 nTPM
Amygdala	57.5 nTPM
Hypothalamus	41.5 nTPM

Astrocyte	196.8 nTPM
Spinal cord	492.7 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	391.0 nTPM
Cerebellum	291.5 nTPM
Pons	212.4 nTPM
Hypothalamus	173.7 nTPM
Midbrain	147.2 nTPM
Thalamus	120.6 nTPM
Hippocampus	107.4 nTPM
Basal ganglia	95.1 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	78.6 nTPM
Amygdala	54.7 nTPM

Bergmann glia	220.3 nTPM
Pons	294.9 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	191.8 nTPM
Cerebellum	174.3 nTPM

Central nervous system macrophage	99.7 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	124.5 nTPM
Pons	121.9 nTPM
Spinal cord	121.9 nTPM
Cerebellum	114.8 nTPM
Thalamus	109.4 nTPM
Midbrain	103.3 nTPM
Hypothalamus	102.2 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	94.8 nTPM
Basal ganglia	81.8 nTPM
Hippocampus	75.6 nTPM
Amygdala	46.8 nTPM

Cerebellar inhibitory	91.3 nTPM
Pons	116.4 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	100.7 nTPM
Midbrain	80.3 nTPM
Spinal cord	79.7 nTPM
Cerebellum	79.4 nTPM

Cge interneuron	149.1 nTPM
Basal ganglia	186.4 nTPM
Thalamus	179.7 nTPM
Hippocampus	171.2 nTPM
Midbrain	159.7 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	159.6 nTPM
Amygdala	121.5 nTPM
Hypothalamus	65.6 nTPM

Choroid plexus epithelial cell	80.8 nTPM
Hippocampus	130.3 nTPM
Thalamus	98.7 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	74.8 nTPM
Basal ganglia	19.2 nTPM

Committed oligodendrocyte precursor	639.4 nTPM
Spinal cord	1129.5 nTPM
Pons	921.6 nTPM
Midbrain	864.4 nTPM
Cerebellum	800.7 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	622.3 nTPM
Basal ganglia	610.5 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	549.7 nTPM
Hippocampus	531.4 nTPM
Thalamus	344.9 nTPM
Amygdala	329.9 nTPM
Hypothalamus	328.4 nTPM

Deep-layer corticothalamic and 6b	147.4 nTPM
Midbrain	228.5 nTPM
Basal ganglia	225.3 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	142.5 nTPM
Hippocampus	123.9 nTPM
Amygdala	119.8 nTPM
Hypothalamus	44.0 nTPM

Deep-layer intratelencephalic	128.2 nTPM
Basal ganglia	207.0 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	159.2 nTPM
Hippocampus	126.0 nTPM
Amygdala	103.8 nTPM
Hypothalamus	45.0 nTPM

Deep-layer near-projecting	131.4 nTPM
Basal ganglia	205.1 nTPM
Hippocampus	169.8 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	134.2 nTPM
Amygdala	101.9 nTPM
Hypothalamus	45.8 nTPM

Eccentric medium spiny neuron	129.6 nTPM
Hypothalamus	174.3 nTPM
Basal ganglia	140.9 nTPM
Thalamus	124.9 nTPM
Hippocampus	116.9 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	116.6 nTPM
Amygdala	103.7 nTPM