Single cell type - PENK - The Human Protein Atlas

PENK

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GENERAL INFORMATIONⁱ General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene nameⁱ Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.	PENK
Gene descriptionⁱ Full gene name according to HGNC.	Proenkephalin
Protein classⁱ Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).	Plasma proteins Transporters
Predicted locationⁱ All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions. Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached. Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s). The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.	Secreted
Number of transcriptsⁱ Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.	6

HUMAN PROTEIN ATLAS INFORMATIONⁱ Summary of RNA expression and protein localization based on data generated within the Human Protein Atlas project.
Single cell type expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across single cell types. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Respiratory epithelial cells - Unknown function (mainly)
Single cell type specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell types based on scRNA-seq data from normal tissues. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.	Group enriched (Leydig cells, Basal respiratory cells)
Tau specificity scoreⁱ Tau specificity score is a numerical indicator of the specificity of the gene expression across cells or tissues. The value ranges from 0 and 1, where 0 indicates identical expression across all cells/tissue types, while 1 indicates expression in a single cell/tissue type.	0.88
Brain cluster specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell cluster types based on snRNA-seq data from brain samples. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected. "cell type" refer to one of the 34 cluster names used to summarize the 2.5 million cells included in the brain cell representation.	Group enriched (Medium spiny neuron, Eccentric medium spiny neuron)
Immune cell specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples based on data from HPA. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.	Not detected in immune cells
Protein evidenceⁱ Evidence score for genes based on UniProt protein existence (UniProt evidence); neXtProt protein existence (neXtProt evidence);and a Human Protein Atlas antibody- or RNA based score (HPA evidence). The avaliable scores are evidence at protein level, evidence at transcript level, no evidence, or not avaliable.	Evidence at protein level
Extracellular locationⁱ A possible secretion of the protein was predicted based on N-terminal signal sequence (signal peptide) predictions and transmembrane region predictions, and subsequently annotated for its local or systemic secretion based on literature, function, and protein and RNA expression data.	Protein predicted to be secreted

ASSAYSⁱ

SINGLE CELL TYPESⁱ A summary of normalized single cell RNA (nTPM) from all single cell types. Color-coding is based on cell type groups, each consisting of cell types with functional features in common.
Single cell types RNA single cell type specificity: Group enriched (Leydig cells, Basal respiratory cells)

TISSUE CELL TYPEⁱ The tissue cell type section provides a cell type specificity prediction for all protein coding genes. More information on the data available can be found here and a description of the analysis here.
	Core cell typesⁱ The core cell type table displays data for a panel of eight cell types that are found in many tissues. Colored dots indicate that the selected gene has core cell type specificity in the indicated tissue. Grey dots indicate that cell type is present within that tissue, but the selected gene is not predicted to be enriched there. Category Alphabetical Enrichment Tissue specific cell typesⁱ This plot shows the enrichment score of the selected gene in all non-core cell types found within the profiled tissues, allowing comparisons between different cell types within different tissues. An enlarged symbol indicates classification of the gene as cell type enriched in the corresponding cell type.

SINGLE NUCLEI BRAINⁱ

Single nuclei cluster types

RNA brain cluster specificity: Group enriched (Medium spiny neuron, Eccentric medium spiny neuron)

IMMUNE CELL TYPE EXPRESSION (RNA)ⁱ Blood cell type expression overview shows RNA-seq data from three different sources: Internally generated Human Protein Atlas (HPA) data, as well as data generated by (Monaco et al) and (Schmiedel et al). Color-coding is based on blood cell type lineages, including B-cells, T-cells, NK-cells, monocytes, granulocytes and dendritic cells as well as total PBMC. To access sample data, click on tissue name or bar.
HPA datasetⁱ The resulting transcript expression values calculated as nTPM, resulting from the internal normalization pipeline for 18 immune cell types and total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Lineage Expression Alphabetical Immune cell type specificity: Not detected in immune cells
Monaco datasetⁱ The transcript expression values (nTPM) resulting from the internal normalization pipeline are visualized for 29 blood cell types and total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from Monaco et al. Lineage Expression Alphabetical
Schmiedel datasetⁱ Transcript Per Million (TPM) values are visualized for 15 blood cell types from the Schmiedel et al. dataset. Lineage Expression Alphabetical

EXPRESSION CLUSTERING & CORRELATIONⁱ

SINGLE CELL TYPE

PENK is part of cluster 35 Respiratory epithelial cells - Unknown function with confidenceⁱ 1
196 genes in cluster

Go to interactive expression cluster page

15 nearest neighbours based on single cell RNA expression

Neighbourⁱ Gene name according to HGNC.	Descriptionⁱ Gene description according to HGNC.	Correlationⁱ Correlation between the selected gene and neighboring gene. Correlation is calculated as Spearman correlation in PCA space based on the RNA-seq expression data.	Clusterⁱ ID of the expression cluster of the neighboring gene.
MMP10	Matrix metallopeptidase 10	0.7152	35
MMP13	Matrix metallopeptidase 13	0.7024	35
MRGPRX3	MAS related GPR family member X3	0.6714	35
KRTAP19-3	Keratin associated protein 19-3	0.6669	35
KRT17	Keratin 17	0.6488	35
LOXL4	Lysyl oxidase like 4	0.6398	35
TM2D1	TM2 domain containing 1	0.6125	35
PTHLH	Parathyroid hormone like hormone	0.6085	35
CXCL1	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1	0.6036	35
CCL20	C-C motif chemokine ligand 20	0.5983	35
IL36G	Interleukin 36 gamma	0.5893	35
IL17C	Interleukin 17C	0.5851	35
SERPINB4	Serpin family B member 4	0.5831	35
SNAPC1	Small nuclear RNA activating complex polypeptide 1	0.5772	31
EDN2	Endothelin 2	0.5752	35

IMMUNE CELLS

PENK is part of cluster 40 Monocytes - Innate immune response with confidenceⁱ 1
228 genes in cluster

Go to interactive expression cluster page

15 nearest neighbours based on single cell RNA expression

Neighbourⁱ Gene name according to HGNC.	Descriptionⁱ Gene description according to HGNC.	Correlationⁱ Correlation between the selected gene and neighboring gene. Correlation is calculated as Spearman correlation in PCA space based on the RNA-seq expression data.	Clusterⁱ ID of the expression cluster of the neighboring gene.
SLC31A1	Solute carrier family 31 member 1	1.0000	40
PGA5	Pepsinogen A5	1.0000	40
LIPN	Lipase family member N	1.0000	40
AP2A1	Adaptor related protein complex 2 subunit alpha 1	1.0000	40
CD300E	CD300e molecule	1.0000	40
CDC42EP4	CDC42 effector protein 4	1.0000	40
FLII	FLII actin remodeling protein	1.0000	40
CXCL16	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 16	1.0000	40
ATG3	Autophagy related 3	1.0000	40
SLC24A4	Solute carrier family 24 member 4	1.0000	40
SAT1	Spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1	1.0000	40
CALML4	Calmodulin like 4	1.0000	40
TJP2	Tight junction protein 2	1.0000	40
LOXL3	Lysyl oxidase like 3	1.0000	40
ABHD11	Abhydrolase domain containing 11	1.0000	40

Adipocytes	0.2 nTPM
Adipose tissue	0.2 nTPM
Breast	0.2 nTPM

Alveolar cells type 1	0.2 nTPM
Lung	0.2 nTPM

Alveolar cells type 2	4.6 nTPM
Lung	4.6 nTPM

Astrocytes	0.3 nTPM
Brain	0.3 nTPM

B-cells	0.5 nTPM
Kidney	5.2 nTPM
Lymph node	0.7 nTPM
Stomach	0.4 nTPM
Thymus	0.2 nTPM
Salivary gland	0.1 nTPM
Liver	0.0 nTPM
PBMC	0.0 nTPM
Skin	0.0 nTPM
Adipose tissue	0.0 nTPM
Esophagus	0.0 nTPM
Bone marrow	0.0 nTPM
Spleen	0.0 nTPM
Lung	0.0 nTPM

Ciliated cells	1.4 nTPM
Bronchus	5.1 nTPM
Fallopian tube	0.4 nTPM
Lung	0.2 nTPM
Endometrium	0.0 nTPM

Club cells	2.0 nTPM
Bronchus	6.1 nTPM
Lung	0.0 nTPM
Prostate	0.0 nTPM

Endothelial cells	0.8 nTPM
Ovary	6.3 nTPM
Testis	5.5 nTPM
Skeletal muscle	0.5 nTPM
Lung	0.5 nTPM
Endometrium	0.3 nTPM
Prostate	0.3 nTPM
Skin	0.2 nTPM
Heart muscle	0.0 nTPM
Liver	0.0 nTPM
Placenta	0.0 nTPM
Pancreas	0.0 nTPM
Esophagus	0.0 nTPM
Salivary gland	0.0 nTPM
Thymus	0.0 nTPM
Tongue	0.0 nTPM
Vascular	0.0 nTPM
Breast	0.0 nTPM
Fallopian tube	0.0 nTPM

Enteroendocrine cells	0.0 nTPM
Colon	0.0 nTPM
Small intestine	0.0 nTPM
Rectum	0.0 nTPM

Fibroblasts	38.3 nTPM
Fallopian tube	344.9 nTPM
Skeletal muscle	110.8 nTPM
Prostate	94.4 nTPM
Esophagus	22.6 nTPM
Breast	18.1 nTPM
Skin	5.8 nTPM
Adipose tissue	5.5 nTPM
Lung	4.4 nTPM
Heart muscle	2.3 nTPM
Salivary gland	1.5 nTPM
Stomach	1.4 nTPM
Vascular	1.1 nTPM
Thymus	0.7 nTPM
Pancreas	0.1 nTPM
Liver	0.0 nTPM
Placenta	0.0 nTPM

Granulocytes	1.5 nTPM
Fallopian tube	4.0 nTPM
Lung	0.5 nTPM
Tongue	0.0 nTPM

Intestinal goblet cells	0.0 nTPM
Colon	0.0 nTPM
Small intestine	0.0 nTPM
Rectum	0.0 nTPM

Lymphatic endothelial cells	9.3 nTPM
Fallopian tube	18.6 nTPM
Ovary	0.0 nTPM

Macrophages	1.2 nTPM
Testis	6.2 nTPM
Fallopian tube	4.8 nTPM
Stomach	2.6 nTPM
Adipose tissue	2.3 nTPM
Prostate	1.7 nTPM
Spleen	1.0 nTPM
Salivary gland	0.7 nTPM
Endometrium	0.6 nTPM
Thymus	0.6 nTPM
Skeletal muscle	0.5 nTPM
Vascular	0.5 nTPM
Breast	0.5 nTPM
Kidney	0.0 nTPM
Pancreas	0.0 nTPM
Skin	0.0 nTPM
Esophagus	0.0 nTPM
Bone marrow	0.0 nTPM
Lung	0.0 nTPM
Tongue	0.0 nTPM

Paneth cells	0.0 nTPM
Colon	0.0 nTPM
Small intestine	0.0 nTPM
Rectum	0.0 nTPM

Early spermatids	97.2 nTPM
Testis	97.2 nTPM

Plasma cells	1.9 nTPM
Fallopian tube	15.1 nTPM
Liver	0.0 nTPM
Esophagus	0.0 nTPM
Bone marrow	0.0 nTPM
Spleen	0.0 nTPM
Stomach	0.0 nTPM
Salivary gland	0.0 nTPM
Thymus	0.0 nTPM

Schwann cells	0.3 nTPM
Vascular	1.0 nTPM
Adipose tissue	0.0 nTPM
Esophagus	0.0 nTPM

Serous glandular cells	0.9 nTPM
Salivary gland	1.9 nTPM
Tongue	0.0 nTPM

Smooth muscle cells	1.1 nTPM
Tongue	6.3 nTPM
Ovary	4.8 nTPM
Placenta	2.6 nTPM
Skin	0.9 nTPM
Endometrium	0.8 nTPM
Skeletal muscle	0.7 nTPM
Salivary gland	0.4 nTPM
Thymus	0.4 nTPM
Fallopian tube	0.3 nTPM
Adipose tissue	0.2 nTPM
Breast	0.2 nTPM
Vascular	0.1 nTPM
Liver	0.0 nTPM
Esophagus	0.0 nTPM
Lung	0.0 nTPM
Prostate	0.0 nTPM

T-cells	0.2 nTPM
Fallopian tube	2.5 nTPM
Endometrium	0.8 nTPM
Skeletal muscle	0.8 nTPM
Prostate	0.3 nTPM
Thymus	0.1 nTPM
Tongue	0.1 nTPM
Breast	0.1 nTPM
Colon	0.0 nTPM
Kidney	0.0 nTPM
Liver	0.0 nTPM
PBMC	0.0 nTPM
Skin	0.0 nTPM
Adipose tissue	0.0 nTPM
Esophagus	0.0 nTPM
Lymph node	0.0 nTPM
Bone marrow	0.0 nTPM
Spleen	0.0 nTPM
Stomach	0.0 nTPM
Lung	0.0 nTPM
Salivary gland	0.0 nTPM
Vascular	0.0 nTPM

Undifferentiated cells	0.0 nTPM
Colon	0.0 nTPM
Small intestine	0.0 nTPM
Rectum	0.0 nTPM

Amygdala excitatory	7.5 nTPM
Thalamus	29.0 nTPM
Basal ganglia	11.2 nTPM
Amygdala	1.5 nTPM
Hippocampus	1.4 nTPM
Hypothalamus	1.2 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	1.0 nTPM

Astrocyte	3.1 nTPM
Basal ganglia	15.6 nTPM
Hypothalamus	3.7 nTPM
Spinal cord	3.4 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	2.9 nTPM
Thalamus	2.7 nTPM
Amygdala	2.3 nTPM
Pons	1.9 nTPM
Midbrain	0.9 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	0.6 nTPM
Hippocampus	0.3 nTPM
Cerebellum	0.0 nTPM

Bergmann glia	0.6 nTPM
Pons	1.4 nTPM
Cerebellum	0.3 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	0.0 nTPM

Central nervous system macrophage	3.1 nTPM
Basal ganglia	10.3 nTPM
Hypothalamus	5.5 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	4.8 nTPM
Amygdala	3.8 nTPM
Thalamus	2.2 nTPM
Spinal cord	2.1 nTPM
Pons	1.9 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	1.5 nTPM
Midbrain	1.0 nTPM
Hippocampus	0.4 nTPM
Cerebellum	0.3 nTPM

Cerebellar inhibitory	16.4 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	37.9 nTPM
Pons	21.6 nTPM
Midbrain	10.6 nTPM
Cerebellum	6.4 nTPM
Spinal cord	5.5 nTPM

Cge interneuron	26.8 nTPM
Hippocampus	46.1 nTPM
Midbrain	36.3 nTPM
Basal ganglia	31.4 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	23.5 nTPM
Amygdala	23.1 nTPM
Thalamus	18.5 nTPM
Hypothalamus	8.9 nTPM

Choroid plexus epithelial cell	1.0 nTPM
Hippocampus	2.8 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	1.3 nTPM
Basal ganglia	0.1 nTPM
Thalamus	0.0 nTPM

Committed oligodendrocyte precursor	7.1 nTPM
Basal ganglia	56.9 nTPM
Pons	4.4 nTPM
Midbrain	4.2 nTPM
Spinal cord	3.7 nTPM
Hypothalamus	3.4 nTPM
Amygdala	1.7 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	1.3 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	1.3 nTPM
Thalamus	0.9 nTPM
Hippocampus	0.8 nTPM
Cerebellum	0.0 nTPM

Deep-layer corticothalamic and 6b	1.2 nTPM
Basal ganglia	4.0 nTPM
Midbrain	1.1 nTPM
Hypothalamus	0.8 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	0.7 nTPM
Amygdala	0.6 nTPM
Hippocampus	0.3 nTPM

Deep-layer intratelencephalic	1.2 nTPM
Basal ganglia	5.0 nTPM
Amygdala	0.4 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	0.3 nTPM
Hypothalamus	0.3 nTPM
Hippocampus	0.1 nTPM

Deep-layer near-projecting	1.0 nTPM
Basal ganglia	2.8 nTPM
Hippocampus	1.0 nTPM
Amygdala	0.4 nTPM
Hypothalamus	0.4 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	0.2 nTPM

Eccentric medium spiny neuron	116.6 nTPM
Basal ganglia	194.5 nTPM
Hippocampus	176.6 nTPM
Thalamus	147.5 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	71.7 nTPM
Amygdala	64.5 nTPM
Hypothalamus	44.6 nTPM

Endothelial cell	2.4 nTPM
Basal ganglia	10.3 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	5.1 nTPM
Hypothalamus	3.7 nTPM
Spinal cord	3.5 nTPM
Amygdala	1.1 nTPM
Thalamus	1.1 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	0.6 nTPM
Pons	0.6 nTPM
Hippocampus	0.3 nTPM
Cerebellum	0.0 nTPM
Midbrain	0.0 nTPM

Ependymal cell	3.5 nTPM
Basal ganglia	13.7 nTPM
Spinal cord	5.7 nTPM
Amygdala	3.4 nTPM
Thalamus	3.2 nTPM
Hypothalamus	1.8 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	1.3 nTPM
Midbrain	1.3 nTPM
Pons	0.8 nTPM
Hippocampus	0.5 nTPM