Single cell type - AKR1A1 - The Human Protein Atlas

AKR1A1

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GENERAL INFORMATIONⁱ General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene nameⁱ Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.	AKR1A1
Gene descriptionⁱ Full gene name according to HGNC.	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1
Protein classⁱ Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).	Enzymes Metabolic proteins Plasma proteins
Predicted locationⁱ All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions. Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached. Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s). The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.	Intracellular
Number of transcriptsⁱ Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.	6

HUMAN PROTEIN ATLAS INFORMATIONⁱ Summary of RNA expression and protein localization based on data generated within the Human Protein Atlas project.
Single cell type expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across single cell types. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Proximal enterocytes - Digestion (mainly)
Single cell type specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell types based on scRNA-seq data from normal tissues. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.	Cell type enhanced (Proximal tubular cells, Proximal enterocytes)
Tau specificity scoreⁱ Tau specificity score is a numerical indicator of the specificity of the gene expression across cells or tissues. The value ranges from 0 and 1, where 0 indicates identical expression across all cells/tissue types, while 1 indicates expression in a single cell/tissue type.	0.39
Brain cluster specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell cluster types based on snRNA-seq data from brain samples. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected. "cell type" refer to one of the 34 cluster names used to summarize the 2.5 million cells included in the brain cell representation.	Cell type enhanced (Central nervous system macrophage)
Immune cell specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples based on data from HPA. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.	Low immune cell specificity
Protein evidenceⁱ Evidence score for genes based on UniProt protein existence (UniProt evidence); neXtProt protein existence (neXtProt evidence);and a Human Protein Atlas antibody- or RNA based score (HPA evidence). The avaliable scores are evidence at protein level, evidence at transcript level, no evidence, or not avaliable.	Evidence at protein level

ASSAYSⁱ

SINGLE CELL TYPESⁱ A summary of normalized single cell RNA (nTPM) from all single cell types. Color-coding is based on cell type groups, each consisting of cell types with functional features in common.
Single cell types RNA single cell type specificity: Cell type enhanced (Proximal tubular cells, Proximal enterocytes)

TISSUE CELL TYPEⁱ The tissue cell type section provides a cell type specificity prediction for all protein coding genes. More information on the data available can be found here and a description of the analysis here.
	Core cell typesⁱ The core cell type table displays data for a panel of eight cell types that are found in many tissues. Colored dots indicate that the selected gene has core cell type specificity in the indicated tissue. Grey dots indicate that cell type is present within that tissue, but the selected gene is not predicted to be enriched there. Category Alphabetical Enrichment Tissue specific cell typesⁱ This plot shows the enrichment score of the selected gene in all non-core cell types found within the profiled tissues, allowing comparisons between different cell types within different tissues. An enlarged symbol indicates classification of the gene as cell type enriched in the corresponding cell type.

SINGLE NUCLEI BRAINⁱ

Single nuclei cluster types

RNA brain cluster specificity: Cell type enhanced (Central nervous system macrophage)

IMMUNE CELL TYPE EXPRESSION (RNA)ⁱ Blood cell type expression overview shows RNA-seq data from three different sources: Internally generated Human Protein Atlas (HPA) data, as well as data generated by (Monaco et al) and (Schmiedel et al). Color-coding is based on blood cell type lineages, including B-cells, T-cells, NK-cells, monocytes, granulocytes and dendritic cells as well as total PBMC. To access sample data, click on tissue name or bar.
HPA datasetⁱ The resulting transcript expression values calculated as nTPM, resulting from the internal normalization pipeline for 18 immune cell types and total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Lineage Expression Alphabetical Immune cell type specificity: Low immune cell specificity
Monaco datasetⁱ The transcript expression values (nTPM) resulting from the internal normalization pipeline are visualized for 29 blood cell types and total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from Monaco et al. Lineage Expression Alphabetical
Schmiedel datasetⁱ Transcript Per Million (TPM) values are visualized for 15 blood cell types from the Schmiedel et al. dataset. Lineage Expression Alphabetical

EXPRESSION CLUSTERING & CORRELATIONⁱ

SINGLE CELL TYPE

AKR1A1 is part of cluster 22 Proximal enterocytes - Digestion with confidenceⁱ 1
255 genes in cluster

Go to interactive expression cluster page

15 nearest neighbours based on single cell RNA expression

Neighbourⁱ Gene name according to HGNC.	Descriptionⁱ Gene description according to HGNC.	Correlationⁱ Correlation between the selected gene and neighboring gene. Correlation is calculated as Spearman correlation in PCA space based on the RNA-seq expression data.	Clusterⁱ ID of the expression cluster of the neighboring gene.
PEPD	Peptidase D	0.7919	22
GBA3	Glucosylceramidase beta 3 (gene/pseudogene)	0.7602	22
DHRS4L2	Dehydrogenase/reductase 4 like 2	0.7517	22
SLC28A1	Solute carrier family 28 member 1	0.7415	22
ACY3	Aminoacylase 3	0.7384	56
GPD1	Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1	0.7312	22
DNPH1	2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-phosphate N-hydrolase 1	0.7304	22
SAT2	Spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase family member 2	0.7238	22
TMEM256	Transmembrane protein 256	0.7088	22
PCK1	Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	0.7001	56
BPHL	Biphenyl hydrolase like	0.7000	56
IDNK	IDNK gluconokinase	0.6988	56
PBLD	Phenazine biosynthesis like protein domain containing	0.6907	22
ERICH4	Glutamate rich 4	0.6901	22
SCRN2	Secernin 2	0.6843	56

IMMUNE CELLS

AKR1A1 is part of cluster 10 Non-specific - Membrane trafficking with confidenceⁱ 0.96
408 genes in cluster

Go to interactive expression cluster page

15 nearest neighbours based on single cell RNA expression

Neighbourⁱ Gene name according to HGNC.	Descriptionⁱ Gene description according to HGNC.	Correlationⁱ Correlation between the selected gene and neighboring gene. Correlation is calculated as Spearman correlation in PCA space based on the RNA-seq expression data.	Clusterⁱ ID of the expression cluster of the neighboring gene.
NKIRAS2	NFKB inhibitor interacting Ras like 2	0.9762	10
CGAS	Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase	0.9762	10
MTMR14	Myotubularin related protein 14	0.9762	10
DNAJC13	DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member C13	0.9762	10
DBNL	Drebrin like	0.9762	10
YWHAG	Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein gamma	0.9524	10
CTSB	Cathepsin B	0.9524	10
DDX49	DEAD-box helicase 49	0.9524	10
CAPN1	Calpain 1	0.9524	10
SIL1	SIL1 nucleotide exchange factor	0.9524	10
MICAL1	Microtubule associated monooxygenase, calponin and LIM domain containing 1	0.9524	10
KCTD20	Potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 20	0.9286	10
ALDH2	Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family member	0.9286	10
YWHAE	Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein epsilon	0.9286	10
CPED1	Cadherin like and PC-esterase domain containing 1	0.9286	2

Adipocytes	53.9 nTPM
Breast	69.1 nTPM
Adipose tissue	38.8 nTPM

Alveolar cells type 1	64.6 nTPM
Lung	64.6 nTPM

Alveolar cells type 2	106.1 nTPM
Lung	106.1 nTPM

Astrocytes	6.8 nTPM
Brain	6.8 nTPM

B-cells	71.0 nTPM
Skin	138.9 nTPM
Lung	99.3 nTPM
Kidney	98.8 nTPM
Bone marrow	74.1 nTPM
PBMC	73.9 nTPM
Liver	72.5 nTPM
Spleen	72.0 nTPM
Thymus	65.3 nTPM
Salivary gland	64.0 nTPM
Adipose tissue	57.2 nTPM
Stomach	45.1 nTPM
Lymph node	32.1 nTPM
Esophagus	29.5 nTPM

Basal squamous epithelial cells	107.7 nTPM
Esophagus	107.7 nTPM

Ciliated cells	102.1 nTPM
Bronchus	184.3 nTPM
Lung	94.7 nTPM
Fallopian tube	80.0 nTPM
Endometrium	49.4 nTPM

Club cells	173.2 nTPM
Bronchus	265.4 nTPM
Lung	171.8 nTPM
Prostate	82.3 nTPM

Dendritic cells	55.1 nTPM
PBMC	64.8 nTPM
Adipose tissue	45.4 nTPM

Endothelial cells	64.9 nTPM
Breast	120.4 nTPM
Pancreas	103.4 nTPM
Tongue	92.1 nTPM
Thymus	73.6 nTPM
Placenta	70.4 nTPM
Liver	65.5 nTPM
Heart muscle	63.7 nTPM
Fallopian tube	63.3 nTPM
Lung	63.1 nTPM
Ovary	60.3 nTPM
Skin	51.0 nTPM
Esophagus	50.7 nTPM
Salivary gland	49.7 nTPM
Vascular	49.7 nTPM
Testis	48.8 nTPM
Endometrium	48.3 nTPM
Prostate	46.8 nTPM
Skeletal muscle	46.6 nTPM

Enteroendocrine cells	116.3 nTPM
Colon	145.1 nTPM
Small intestine	113.3 nTPM
Rectum	90.6 nTPM

Fibroblasts	81.5 nTPM
Breast	110.3 nTPM
Thymus	100.8 nTPM
Pancreas	100.0 nTPM
Esophagus	96.8 nTPM
Lung	89.3 nTPM
Liver	88.9 nTPM
Adipose tissue	87.4 nTPM
Placenta	81.1 nTPM
Heart muscle	80.3 nTPM
Skeletal muscle	77.7 nTPM
Fallopian tube	76.2 nTPM
Skin	72.4 nTPM
Vascular	68.6 nTPM
Stomach	67.7 nTPM
Salivary gland	65.6 nTPM
Prostate	40.3 nTPM

Granulocytes	137.6 nTPM
Lung	204.7 nTPM
Tongue	106.7 nTPM
Fallopian tube	101.3 nTPM

Intestinal goblet cells	158.2 nTPM
Colon	174.0 nTPM
Small intestine	171.4 nTPM
Rectum	129.2 nTPM

Lymphatic endothelial cells	78.7 nTPM
Ovary	81.8 nTPM
Fallopian tube	75.6 nTPM

Bipolar cells	19.8 nTPM
Eye	19.8 nTPM

Cholangiocytes	99.2 nTPM
Liver	99.2 nTPM

Collecting duct cells	83.6 nTPM
Kidney	83.6 nTPM

Cone photoreceptor cells	35.7 nTPM
Eye	35.7 nTPM

Macrophages	141.4 nTPM
Lung	309.5 nTPM
Pancreas	283.7 nTPM
Kidney	231.9 nTPM
Breast	219.9 nTPM
Prostate	155.5 nTPM
Thymus	138.0 nTPM
Tongue	130.8 nTPM
Bone marrow	127.7 nTPM
Vascular	124.8 nTPM
Endometrium	118.7 nTPM
Testis	111.0 nTPM
Skin	109.2 nTPM
Esophagus	106.6 nTPM
Salivary gland	105.8 nTPM
Fallopian tube	105.7 nTPM
Spleen	92.2 nTPM
Adipose tissue	82.9 nTPM
Skeletal muscle	72.8 nTPM
Stomach	59.2 nTPM

Paneth cells	214.9 nTPM
Small intestine	310.8 nTPM
Colon	173.7 nTPM
Rectum	160.0 nTPM

Plasma cells	199.6 nTPM
Stomach	242.5 nTPM
Esophagus	233.9 nTPM
Fallopian tube	209.4 nTPM
Spleen	193.2 nTPM
Liver	191.8 nTPM
Salivary gland	187.1 nTPM
Thymus	180.7 nTPM
Bone marrow	158.6 nTPM

Schwann cells	49.2 nTPM
Adipose tissue	96.8 nTPM
Vascular	38.7 nTPM
Esophagus	12.0 nTPM

Serous glandular cells	183.3 nTPM
Salivary gland	194.1 nTPM
Tongue	172.3 nTPM

Smooth muscle cells	63.8 nTPM
Placenta	121.3 nTPM
Thymus	77.7 nTPM
Salivary gland	77.5 nTPM
Liver	73.4 nTPM
Ovary	73.2 nTPM
Breast	72.8 nTPM
Fallopian tube	67.3 nTPM
Lung	61.1 nTPM
Tongue	57.5 nTPM
Prostate	54.1 nTPM
Vascular	54.1 nTPM
Endometrium	53.1 nTPM
Skin	51.3 nTPM
Adipose tissue	42.8 nTPM
Esophagus	42.0 nTPM
Skeletal muscle	41.7 nTPM

Suprabasal keratinocytes	120.0 nTPM
Tongue	194.2 nTPM
Skin	45.9 nTPM

T-cells	43.0 nTPM
Kidney	78.0 nTPM
Colon	63.4 nTPM
Skin	58.2 nTPM
PBMC	55.5 nTPM
Liver	55.0 nTPM
Breast	54.7 nTPM
Lung	52.1 nTPM
Bone marrow	46.1 nTPM
Salivary gland	45.4 nTPM
Thymus	42.9 nTPM
Prostate	42.4 nTPM
Tongue	41.9 nTPM
Skeletal muscle	37.8 nTPM
Spleen	35.8 nTPM
Fallopian tube	34.6 nTPM
Endometrium	34.2 nTPM
Stomach	34.1 nTPM
Vascular	32.2 nTPM
Adipose tissue	24.5 nTPM
Lymph node	22.8 nTPM
Esophagus	12.2 nTPM

Undifferentiated cells	180.1 nTPM
Small intestine	223.2 nTPM
Colon	162.3 nTPM
Rectum	154.8 nTPM

Amygdala excitatory	11.5 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	12.7 nTPM
Basal ganglia	12.2 nTPM
Amygdala	11.3 nTPM
Hippocampus	11.2 nTPM
Hypothalamus	11.1 nTPM
Thalamus	10.4 nTPM

Astrocyte	18.0 nTPM
Cerebellum	20.6 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	20.4 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	19.0 nTPM
Midbrain	19.0 nTPM
Pons	18.7 nTPM
Hippocampus	18.4 nTPM
Basal ganglia	18.1 nTPM
Thalamus	17.6 nTPM
Spinal cord	17.5 nTPM
Hypothalamus	14.5 nTPM
Amygdala	14.0 nTPM

Bergmann glia	25.2 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	27.7 nTPM
Pons	25.9 nTPM
Cerebellum	21.9 nTPM

Central nervous system macrophage	95.9 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	119.1 nTPM
Cerebellum	107.0 nTPM
Spinal cord	105.1 nTPM
Hippocampus	102.5 nTPM
Pons	99.1 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	94.9 nTPM
Midbrain	94.6 nTPM
Thalamus	89.7 nTPM
Basal ganglia	82.3 nTPM
Amygdala	80.4 nTPM
Hypothalamus	80.2 nTPM

Cerebellar inhibitory	8.7 nTPM
Cerebellum	10.6 nTPM
Midbrain	9.0 nTPM
Pons	8.6 nTPM
Spinal cord	8.2 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	7.2 nTPM

Cge interneuron	15.9 nTPM
Midbrain	18.6 nTPM
Thalamus	17.9 nTPM
Basal ganglia	17.6 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	17.0 nTPM
Hippocampus	15.6 nTPM
Amygdala	13.4 nTPM
Hypothalamus	11.1 nTPM

Choroid plexus epithelial cell	40.9 nTPM
Hippocampus	61.0 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	42.0 nTPM
Basal ganglia	35.8 nTPM
Thalamus	24.7 nTPM

Committed oligodendrocyte precursor	29.4 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	43.9 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	38.6 nTPM
Cerebellum	38.1 nTPM
Basal ganglia	31.8 nTPM
Hippocampus	30.5 nTPM
Spinal cord	25.8 nTPM
Pons	25.7 nTPM
Amygdala	25.4 nTPM
Hypothalamus	21.8 nTPM
Midbrain	21.0 nTPM
Thalamus	20.7 nTPM

Deep-layer corticothalamic and 6b	15.5 nTPM
Basal ganglia	19.4 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	17.2 nTPM
Hippocampus	16.6 nTPM
Amygdala	14.7 nTPM
Midbrain	14.4 nTPM
Hypothalamus	10.7 nTPM

Deep-layer intratelencephalic	15.3 nTPM
Basal ganglia	19.2 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	16.7 nTPM
Hippocampus	14.1 nTPM
Amygdala	14.0 nTPM
Hypothalamus	12.4 nTPM

Deep-layer near-projecting	18.6 nTPM
Basal ganglia	22.9 nTPM
Hippocampus	22.8 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	20.4 nTPM
Amygdala	15.0 nTPM
Hypothalamus	11.8 nTPM