Single cell type - PARP4 - The Human Protein Atlas

GENERAL INFORMATIONⁱ General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene nameⁱ Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.	PARP4
Gene descriptionⁱ Full gene name according to HGNC.	Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase family member 4
Protein classⁱ Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).	Metabolic proteins
Predicted locationⁱ All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions. Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached. Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s). The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.	Intracellular
Number of transcriptsⁱ Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.	1

HUMAN PROTEIN ATLAS INFORMATIONⁱ Summary of RNA expression and protein localization based on data generated within the Human Protein Atlas project.
Single cell type expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across single cell types. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Granulocytes - Unknown function (mainly)
Single cell type specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell types based on scRNA-seq data from normal tissues. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.	Cell type enhanced (Granulocytes)
Tau specificity scoreⁱ Tau specificity score is a numerical indicator of the specificity of the gene expression across cells or tissues. The value ranges from 0 and 1, where 0 indicates identical expression across all cells/tissue types, while 1 indicates expression in a single cell/tissue type.	0.41
Brain cluster specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell cluster types based on snRNA-seq data from brain samples. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected. "cell type" refer to one of the 34 cluster names used to summarize the 2.5 million cells included in the brain cell representation.	Cell type enhanced (Central nervous system macrophage, Leukocyte)
Immune cell specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples based on data from HPA. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.	Low immune cell specificity
Protein evidenceⁱ Evidence score for genes based on UniProt protein existence (UniProt evidence); neXtProt protein existence (neXtProt evidence);and a Human Protein Atlas antibody- or RNA based score (HPA evidence). The avaliable scores are evidence at protein level, evidence at transcript level, no evidence, or not avaliable.	Evidence at protein level

ASSAYSⁱ

Single cell type

Cell type enrichment

Single nuclei - Brain

Immune cells

Expression clustering

SINGLE CELL TYPESⁱ A summary of normalized single cell RNA (nTPM) from all single cell types. Color-coding is based on cell type groups, each consisting of cell types with functional features in common.
Single cell types RNA single cell type specificity: Cell type enhanced (Granulocytes)

TISSUE CELL TYPEⁱ The tissue cell type section provides a cell type specificity prediction for all protein coding genes. More information on the data available can be found here and a description of the analysis here.
	Core cell typesⁱ The core cell type table displays data for a panel of eight cell types that are found in many tissues. Colored dots indicate that the selected gene has core cell type specificity in the indicated tissue. Grey dots indicate that cell type is present within that tissue, but the selected gene is not predicted to be enriched there. Category Alphabetical Enrichment Tissue specific cell typesⁱ This plot shows the enrichment score of the selected gene in all non-core cell types found within the profiled tissues, allowing comparisons between different cell types within different tissues. An enlarged symbol indicates classification of the gene as cell type enriched in the corresponding cell type.

SINGLE NUCLEI BRAINⁱ

Single nuclei cluster types

RNA brain cluster specificity: Cell type enhanced (Central nervous system macrophage, Leukocyte)

IMMUNE CELL TYPE EXPRESSION (RNA)ⁱ Blood cell type expression overview shows RNA-seq data from three different sources: Internally generated Human Protein Atlas (HPA) data, as well as data generated by (Monaco et al) and (Schmiedel et al). Color-coding is based on blood cell type lineages, including B-cells, T-cells, NK-cells, monocytes, granulocytes and dendritic cells as well as total PBMC. To access sample data, click on tissue name or bar.
HPA datasetⁱ The resulting transcript expression values calculated as nTPM, resulting from the internal normalization pipeline for 18 immune cell types and total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Lineage Expression Alphabetical Immune cell type specificity: Low immune cell specificity
Monaco datasetⁱ The transcript expression values (nTPM) resulting from the internal normalization pipeline are visualized for 29 blood cell types and total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from Monaco et al. Lineage Expression Alphabetical
Schmiedel datasetⁱ Transcript Per Million (TPM) values are visualized for 15 blood cell types from the Schmiedel et al. dataset. Lineage Expression Alphabetical

EXPRESSION CLUSTERING & CORRELATIONⁱ

SINGLE CELL TYPE

PARP4 is part of cluster 30 Granulocytes - Unknown function with confidenceⁱ 1
76 genes in cluster

Go to interactive expression cluster page

15 nearest neighbours based on single cell RNA expression

Neighbourⁱ Gene name according to HGNC.	Descriptionⁱ Gene description according to HGNC.	Correlationⁱ Correlation between the selected gene and neighboring gene. Correlation is calculated as Spearman correlation in PCA space based on the RNA-seq expression data.	Clusterⁱ ID of the expression cluster of the neighboring gene.
FAM107B	Family with sequence similarity 107 member B	0.6127	3
IL18R1	Interleukin 18 receptor 1	0.5606	74
IL1RL1	Interleukin 1 receptor like 1	0.5033	30
RHEX	Regulator of hemoglobinization and erythroid cell expansion	0.5008	30
XIAP	X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis	0.4877	33
CRNKL1	Crooked neck pre-mRNA splicing factor 1	0.4872	78
DUSP4	Dual specificity phosphatase 4	0.4780	3
KIF13B	Kinesin family member 13B	0.4666	37
BATF	Basic leucine zipper ATF-like transcription factor	0.4589	78
MIER1	MIER1 transcriptional regulator	0.4530	78
GALC	Galactosylceramidase	0.4511	30
ENPP4	Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 4	0.4501	3
PNMT	Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	0.4479	3
GCC2	GRIP and coiled-coil domain containing 2	0.4477	55
GATA2	GATA binding protein 2	0.4475	30

IMMUNE CELLS

PARP4 is part of cluster 42 Non-specific - Vesicular transport with confidenceⁱ 1
519 genes in cluster

Go to interactive expression cluster page

15 nearest neighbours based on single cell RNA expression

Neighbourⁱ Gene name according to HGNC.	Descriptionⁱ Gene description according to HGNC.	Correlationⁱ Correlation between the selected gene and neighboring gene. Correlation is calculated as Spearman correlation in PCA space based on the RNA-seq expression data.	Clusterⁱ ID of the expression cluster of the neighboring gene.
RAB37	RAB37, member RAS oncogene family	1.0000	42
MINDY3	MINDY lysine 48 deubiquitinase 3	1.0000	42
RNASEL	Ribonuclease L	1.0000	42
BLZF1	Basic leucine zipper nuclear factor 1	1.0000	42
SMC4	Structural maintenance of chromosomes 4	0.9762	42
METTL14	Methyltransferase 14, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase subunit	0.9762	42
CIAO1	Cytosolic iron-sulfur assembly component 1	0.9762	42
FBXO28	F-box protein 28	0.9762	42
TES	Testin LIM domain protein	0.9762	42
ZC3H7A	Zinc finger CCCH-type containing 7A	0.9762	42
GPKOW	G-patch domain and KOW motifs	0.9762	42
MTRF1L	Mitochondrial translation release factor 1 like	0.9762	42
C11orf21	Chromosome 11 open reading frame 21	0.9762	42
TRIP4	Thyroid hormone receptor interactor 4	0.9762	42
MAPRE1	Microtubule associated protein RP/EB family member 1	0.9762	42