Single cell type - SLC6A15 - The Human Protein Atlas

SLC6A15

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GENERAL INFORMATIONⁱ General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene nameⁱ Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.	SLC6A15
Gene descriptionⁱ Full gene name according to HGNC.	Solute carrier family 6 member 15
Protein classⁱ Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).	Metabolic proteins Transporters
Predicted locationⁱ All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions. Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached. Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s). The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.	Membrane, Intracellular
Number of transcriptsⁱ Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.	18

HUMAN PROTEIN ATLAS INFORMATIONⁱ Summary of RNA expression and protein localization based on data generated within the Human Protein Atlas project.
Single cell type expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across single cell types. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Horizontal & Bipolar cells - Neuronal signaling (mainly)
Single cell type specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell types based on scRNA-seq data from normal tissues. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.	Cell type enhanced (Melanocytes, Excitatory neurons, Inhibitory neurons, Oligodendrocytes, Horizontal cells, Bipolar cells, Rod photoreceptor cells, Basal squamous epithelial cells)
Tau specificity scoreⁱ Tau specificity score is a numerical indicator of the specificity of the gene expression across cells or tissues. The value ranges from 0 and 1, where 0 indicates identical expression across all cells/tissue types, while 1 indicates expression in a single cell/tissue type.	0.83
Brain cluster specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell cluster types based on snRNA-seq data from brain samples. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected. "cell type" refer to one of the 34 cluster names used to summarize the 2.5 million cells included in the brain cell representation.	Low cell type specificity
Immune cell specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples based on data from HPA. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.	Not detected in immune cells
Protein evidenceⁱ Evidence score for genes based on UniProt protein existence (UniProt evidence); neXtProt protein existence (neXtProt evidence);and a Human Protein Atlas antibody- or RNA based score (HPA evidence). The avaliable scores are evidence at protein level, evidence at transcript level, no evidence, or not avaliable.	Evidence at protein level

ASSAYSⁱ

SINGLE CELL TYPESⁱ A summary of normalized single cell RNA (nTPM) from all single cell types. Color-coding is based on cell type groups, each consisting of cell types with functional features in common.
Single cell types RNA single cell type specificity: Cell type enhanced (Melanocytes, Excitatory neurons, Inhibitory neurons, Oligodendrocytes, Horizontal cells, Bipolar cells, Rod photoreceptor cells, Basal squamous epithelial cells)

TISSUE CELL TYPEⁱ The tissue cell type section provides a cell type specificity prediction for all protein coding genes. More information on the data available can be found here and a description of the analysis here.
	Core cell typesⁱ The core cell type table displays data for a panel of eight cell types that are found in many tissues. Colored dots indicate that the selected gene has core cell type specificity in the indicated tissue. Grey dots indicate that cell type is present within that tissue, but the selected gene is not predicted to be enriched there. Category Alphabetical Enrichment Tissue specific cell typesⁱ This plot shows the enrichment score of the selected gene in all non-core cell types found within the profiled tissues, allowing comparisons between different cell types within different tissues. An enlarged symbol indicates classification of the gene as cell type enriched in the corresponding cell type.

SINGLE NUCLEI BRAINⁱ

Single nuclei cluster types

RNA brain cluster specificity: Low cell type specificity

IMMUNE CELL TYPE EXPRESSION (RNA)ⁱ Blood cell type expression overview shows RNA-seq data from three different sources: Internally generated Human Protein Atlas (HPA) data, as well as data generated by (Monaco et al) and (Schmiedel et al). Color-coding is based on blood cell type lineages, including B-cells, T-cells, NK-cells, monocytes, granulocytes and dendritic cells as well as total PBMC. To access sample data, click on tissue name or bar.
HPA datasetⁱ The resulting transcript expression values calculated as nTPM, resulting from the internal normalization pipeline for 18 immune cell types and total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Lineage Expression Alphabetical Immune cell type specificity: Not detected in immune cells
Monaco datasetⁱ The transcript expression values (nTPM) resulting from the internal normalization pipeline are visualized for 29 blood cell types and total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from Monaco et al. Lineage Expression Alphabetical
Schmiedel datasetⁱ Transcript Per Million (TPM) values are visualized for 15 blood cell types from the Schmiedel et al. dataset. Lineage Expression Alphabetical

EXPRESSION CLUSTERING & CORRELATIONⁱ

SINGLE CELL TYPE

SLC6A15 is part of cluster 71 Horizontal & Bipolar cells - Neuronal signaling with confidenceⁱ 1
205 genes in cluster

Go to interactive expression cluster page

15 nearest neighbours based on single cell RNA expression

Neighbourⁱ Gene name according to HGNC.	Descriptionⁱ Gene description according to HGNC.	Correlationⁱ Correlation between the selected gene and neighboring gene. Correlation is calculated as Spearman correlation in PCA space based on the RNA-seq expression data.	Clusterⁱ ID of the expression cluster of the neighboring gene.
CELF4	CUGBP Elav-like family member 4	0.6574	65
SCN2B	Sodium voltage-gated channel beta subunit 2	0.6522	69
SPTBN4	Spectrin beta, non-erythrocytic 4	0.6490	8
SLC6A17	Solute carrier family 6 member 17	0.6363	69
CACNG7	Calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit gamma 7	0.6231	71
ACTL6B	Actin like 6B	0.6226	34
SHANK1	SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 1	0.6226	71
UNC13A	Unc-13 homolog A	0.6156	65
KCNJ9	Potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 9	0.6011	34
SYT1	Synaptotagmin 1	0.5967	65
CDH8	Cadherin 8	0.5940	69
ELAVL3	ELAV like RNA binding protein 3	0.5935	51
GPR12	G protein-coupled receptor 12	0.5882	71
OCA2	OCA2 melanosomal transmembrane protein	0.5853	65
FSTL5	Follistatin like 5	0.5816	65

Adipocytes	0.2 nTPM
Adipose tissue	0.2 nTPM
Breast	0.2 nTPM

Alveolar cells type 1	0.0 nTPM
Lung	0.0 nTPM

Alveolar cells type 2	0.1 nTPM
Lung	0.1 nTPM

Astrocytes	4.0 nTPM
Brain	4.0 nTPM

B-cells	0.3 nTPM
Lung	1.3 nTPM
Salivary gland	0.8 nTPM
Thymus	0.8 nTPM
Spleen	0.4 nTPM
Lymph node	0.1 nTPM
Kidney	0.0 nTPM
Liver	0.0 nTPM
PBMC	0.0 nTPM
Skin	0.0 nTPM
Adipose tissue	0.0 nTPM
Esophagus	0.0 nTPM
Bone marrow	0.0 nTPM
Stomach	0.0 nTPM

Ciliated cells	0.1 nTPM
Bronchus	0.4 nTPM
Endometrium	0.0 nTPM
Lung	0.0 nTPM
Fallopian tube	0.0 nTPM

Club cells	0.3 nTPM
Lung	0.7 nTPM
Bronchus	0.2 nTPM
Prostate	0.0 nTPM

Endothelial cells	0.4 nTPM
Tongue	4.0 nTPM
Skin	1.0 nTPM
Testis	0.9 nTPM
Lung	0.6 nTPM
Vascular	0.3 nTPM
Skeletal muscle	0.2 nTPM
Salivary gland	0.2 nTPM
Fallopian tube	0.2 nTPM
Thymus	0.1 nTPM
Heart muscle	0.0 nTPM
Liver	0.0 nTPM
Placenta	0.0 nTPM
Endometrium	0.0 nTPM
Pancreas	0.0 nTPM
Esophagus	0.0 nTPM
Prostate	0.0 nTPM
Breast	0.0 nTPM
Ovary	0.0 nTPM

Enteroendocrine cells	0.7 nTPM
Rectum	1.7 nTPM
Colon	0.5 nTPM
Small intestine	0.0 nTPM

Fibroblasts	1.1 nTPM
Salivary gland	4.2 nTPM
Placenta	3.1 nTPM
Skin	2.9 nTPM
Stomach	1.4 nTPM
Adipose tissue	1.3 nTPM
Thymus	1.2 nTPM
Vascular	1.2 nTPM
Esophagus	0.9 nTPM
Skeletal muscle	0.7 nTPM
Pancreas	0.2 nTPM
Heart muscle	0.0 nTPM
Liver	0.0 nTPM
Lung	0.0 nTPM
Prostate	0.0 nTPM
Breast	0.0 nTPM
Fallopian tube	0.0 nTPM

Granulocytes	1.6 nTPM
Tongue	4.9 nTPM
Lung	0.0 nTPM
Fallopian tube	0.0 nTPM

Intestinal goblet cells	0.0 nTPM
Rectum	0.1 nTPM
Colon	0.0 nTPM
Small intestine	0.0 nTPM

Lymphatic endothelial cells	0.2 nTPM
Fallopian tube	0.4 nTPM
Ovary	0.0 nTPM

Macrophages	0.2 nTPM
Tongue	2.1 nTPM
Vascular	0.4 nTPM
Skeletal muscle	0.3 nTPM
Salivary gland	0.2 nTPM
Fallopian tube	0.1 nTPM
Testis	0.0 nTPM
Kidney	0.0 nTPM
Endometrium	0.0 nTPM
Pancreas	0.0 nTPM
Skin	0.0 nTPM
Adipose tissue	0.0 nTPM
Esophagus	0.0 nTPM
Bone marrow	0.0 nTPM
Spleen	0.0 nTPM
Stomach	0.0 nTPM
Lung	0.0 nTPM
Prostate	0.0 nTPM
Thymus	0.0 nTPM
Breast	0.0 nTPM

Paneth cells	0.0 nTPM
Colon	0.0 nTPM
Small intestine	0.0 nTPM
Rectum	0.0 nTPM

Cone photoreceptor cells	15.3 nTPM
Eye	15.3 nTPM

Early spermatids	3.8 nTPM
Testis	3.8 nTPM

Plasma cells	0.0 nTPM
Thymus	0.1 nTPM
Liver	0.0 nTPM
Esophagus	0.0 nTPM
Bone marrow	0.0 nTPM
Spleen	0.0 nTPM
Stomach	0.0 nTPM
Salivary gland	0.0 nTPM
Fallopian tube	0.0 nTPM

Schwann cells	0.2 nTPM
Vascular	0.5 nTPM
Adipose tissue	0.0 nTPM
Esophagus	0.0 nTPM

Serous glandular cells	0.3 nTPM
Salivary gland	0.6 nTPM
Tongue	0.0 nTPM

Smooth muscle cells	1.7 nTPM
Placenta	17.2 nTPM
Tongue	3.9 nTPM
Prostate	1.8 nTPM
Salivary gland	1.3 nTPM
Esophagus	1.2 nTPM
Skin	0.8 nTPM
Breast	0.2 nTPM
Fallopian tube	0.2 nTPM
Thymus	0.1 nTPM
Vascular	0.1 nTPM
Liver	0.0 nTPM
Endometrium	0.0 nTPM
Skeletal muscle	0.0 nTPM
Adipose tissue	0.0 nTPM
Lung	0.0 nTPM
Ovary	0.0 nTPM

T-cells	0.2 nTPM
Tongue	2.0 nTPM
Kidney	0.9 nTPM
Liver	0.6 nTPM
Skin	0.4 nTPM
Salivary gland	0.2 nTPM
Adipose tissue	0.1 nTPM
Fallopian tube	0.1 nTPM
Colon	0.0 nTPM
Endometrium	0.0 nTPM
PBMC	0.0 nTPM
Skeletal muscle	0.0 nTPM
Esophagus	0.0 nTPM
Lymph node	0.0 nTPM
Bone marrow	0.0 nTPM
Spleen	0.0 nTPM
Stomach	0.0 nTPM
Lung	0.0 nTPM
Prostate	0.0 nTPM
Thymus	0.0 nTPM
Vascular	0.0 nTPM
Breast	0.0 nTPM

Undifferentiated cells	0.1 nTPM
Rectum	0.2 nTPM
Colon	0.1 nTPM
Small intestine	0.0 nTPM

Amygdala excitatory	101.1 nTPM
Basal ganglia	120.3 nTPM
Hypothalamus	109.3 nTPM
Thalamus	105.3 nTPM
Hippocampus	97.7 nTPM
Amygdala	87.5 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	86.3 nTPM

Astrocyte	3.6 nTPM
Hypothalamus	8.0 nTPM
Thalamus	6.0 nTPM
Midbrain	4.7 nTPM
Basal ganglia	4.4 nTPM
Amygdala	2.9 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	2.9 nTPM
Pons	2.9 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	2.8 nTPM
Hippocampus	1.8 nTPM
Cerebellum	1.6 nTPM
Spinal cord	1.2 nTPM

Bergmann glia	3.1 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	6.4 nTPM
Cerebellum	1.5 nTPM
Pons	1.4 nTPM

Central nervous system macrophage	3.2 nTPM
Hypothalamus	5.8 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	5.5 nTPM
Thalamus	4.9 nTPM
Amygdala	4.0 nTPM
Hippocampus	3.0 nTPM
Midbrain	2.6 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	2.4 nTPM
Pons	2.4 nTPM
Basal ganglia	1.9 nTPM
Cerebellum	1.8 nTPM
Spinal cord	0.3 nTPM

Cerebellar inhibitory	89.0 nTPM
Pons	108.9 nTPM
Midbrain	88.6 nTPM
Cerebellum	86.5 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	86.5 nTPM
Spinal cord	74.2 nTPM

Cge interneuron	78.2 nTPM
Thalamus	88.0 nTPM
Basal ganglia	82.5 nTPM
Midbrain	81.1 nTPM
Amygdala	80.0 nTPM
Hippocampus	77.2 nTPM
Hypothalamus	69.7 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	68.6 nTPM

Choroid plexus epithelial cell	14.3 nTPM
Thalamus	19.2 nTPM
Hippocampus	16.6 nTPM
Basal ganglia	15.1 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	6.5 nTPM

Committed oligodendrocyte precursor	35.7 nTPM
Thalamus	100.2 nTPM
Hypothalamus	78.5 nTPM
Pons	41.6 nTPM
Amygdala	40.0 nTPM
Basal ganglia	36.7 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	28.4 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	22.8 nTPM
Midbrain	21.0 nTPM
Hippocampus	11.6 nTPM
Cerebellum	7.9 nTPM
Spinal cord	3.7 nTPM

Deep-layer corticothalamic and 6b	86.8 nTPM
Hypothalamus	103.4 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	90.0 nTPM
Midbrain	88.8 nTPM
Amygdala	80.6 nTPM
Basal ganglia	80.3 nTPM
Hippocampus	77.7 nTPM

Deep-layer intratelencephalic	93.7 nTPM
Hippocampus	105.1 nTPM
Hypothalamus	100.1 nTPM
Amygdala	95.9 nTPM
Basal ganglia	86.7 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	80.5 nTPM

Deep-layer near-projecting	78.7 nTPM
Amygdala	82.8 nTPM
Hypothalamus	81.1 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	79.0 nTPM
Hippocampus	76.4 nTPM
Basal ganglia	74.1 nTPM

Eccentric medium spiny neuron	63.2 nTPM
Amygdala	74.4 nTPM
Hippocampus	72.1 nTPM
Hypothalamus	61.6 nTPM
Thalamus	60.0 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	58.8 nTPM
Basal ganglia	52.0 nTPM

Endothelial cell	2.1 nTPM
Thalamus	5.6 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	3.2 nTPM
Hypothalamus	2.5 nTPM
Hippocampus	2.2 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	2.1 nTPM
Midbrain	1.9 nTPM
Pons	1.9 nTPM
Cerebellum	1.5 nTPM
Amygdala	1.1 nTPM
Basal ganglia	0.9 nTPM
Spinal cord	0.0 nTPM

Ependymal cell	9.0 nTPM
Spinal cord	21.1 nTPM
Hypothalamus	12.5 nTPM
Amygdala	9.1 nTPM
Midbrain	8.9 nTPM
Basal ganglia	7.7 nTPM
Hippocampus	6.8 nTPM
Thalamus	5.7 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	4.6 nTPM
Pons	4.3 nTPM