Single cell type - QARS1 - The Human Protein Atlas

QARS1

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Pathway

GENERAL INFORMATIONⁱ General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene nameⁱ Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.	QARS1
Gene descriptionⁱ Full gene name according to HGNC.	Glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase 1
Protein classⁱ Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).	Disease related genes Enzymes Human disease related genes Metabolic proteins Plasma proteins Potential drug targets
Predicted locationⁱ All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions. Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached. Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s). The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.	Membrane, Intracellular
Number of transcriptsⁱ Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.	15

HUMAN PROTEIN ATLAS INFORMATIONⁱ Summary of RNA expression and protein localization based on data generated within the Human Protein Atlas project.
Single cell type expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across single cell types. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Late spermatids - Unknown function (mainly)
Single cell type specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell types based on scRNA-seq data from normal tissues. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.	Cell type enhanced (Late spermatids)
Tau specificity scoreⁱ Tau specificity score is a numerical indicator of the specificity of the gene expression across cells or tissues. The value ranges from 0 and 1, where 0 indicates identical expression across all cells/tissue types, while 1 indicates expression in a single cell/tissue type.	0.40
Brain cluster specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell cluster types based on snRNA-seq data from brain samples. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected. "cell type" refer to one of the 34 cluster names used to summarize the 2.5 million cells included in the brain cell representation.	Low cell type specificity
Immune cell specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples based on data from HPA. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.	Low immune cell specificity
Protein evidenceⁱ Evidence score for genes based on UniProt protein existence (UniProt evidence); neXtProt protein existence (neXtProt evidence);and a Human Protein Atlas antibody- or RNA based score (HPA evidence). The avaliable scores are evidence at protein level, evidence at transcript level, no evidence, or not avaliable.	Evidence at protein level

ASSAYSⁱ

SINGLE CELL TYPESⁱ A summary of normalized single cell RNA (nTPM) from all single cell types. Color-coding is based on cell type groups, each consisting of cell types with functional features in common.
Single cell types RNA single cell type specificity: Cell type enhanced (Late spermatids)

TISSUE CELL TYPEⁱ The tissue cell type section provides a cell type specificity prediction for all protein coding genes. More information on the data available can be found here and a description of the analysis here.
	Core cell typesⁱ The core cell type table displays data for a panel of eight cell types that are found in many tissues. Colored dots indicate that the selected gene has core cell type specificity in the indicated tissue. Grey dots indicate that cell type is present within that tissue, but the selected gene is not predicted to be enriched there. Category Alphabetical Enrichment Tissue specific cell typesⁱ This plot shows the enrichment score of the selected gene in all non-core cell types found within the profiled tissues, allowing comparisons between different cell types within different tissues. An enlarged symbol indicates classification of the gene as cell type enriched in the corresponding cell type.

SINGLE NUCLEI BRAINⁱ

Single nuclei cluster types

RNA brain cluster specificity: Low cell type specificity

IMMUNE CELL TYPE EXPRESSION (RNA)ⁱ Blood cell type expression overview shows RNA-seq data from three different sources: Internally generated Human Protein Atlas (HPA) data, as well as data generated by (Monaco et al) and (Schmiedel et al). Color-coding is based on blood cell type lineages, including B-cells, T-cells, NK-cells, monocytes, granulocytes and dendritic cells as well as total PBMC. To access sample data, click on tissue name or bar.
HPA datasetⁱ The resulting transcript expression values calculated as nTPM, resulting from the internal normalization pipeline for 18 immune cell types and total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Lineage Expression Alphabetical Immune cell type specificity: Low immune cell specificity
Monaco datasetⁱ The transcript expression values (nTPM) resulting from the internal normalization pipeline are visualized for 29 blood cell types and total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from Monaco et al. Lineage Expression Alphabetical
Schmiedel datasetⁱ Transcript Per Million (TPM) values are visualized for 15 blood cell types from the Schmiedel et al. dataset. Lineage Expression Alphabetical

EXPRESSION CLUSTERING & CORRELATIONⁱ

SINGLE CELL TYPE

QARS1 is part of cluster 36 Late spermatids - Unknown function with confidenceⁱ 1
427 genes in cluster

Go to interactive expression cluster page

15 nearest neighbours based on single cell RNA expression

Neighbourⁱ Gene name according to HGNC.	Descriptionⁱ Gene description according to HGNC.	Correlationⁱ Correlation between the selected gene and neighboring gene. Correlation is calculated as Spearman correlation in PCA space based on the RNA-seq expression data.	Clusterⁱ ID of the expression cluster of the neighboring gene.
MRPS7	Mitochondrial ribosomal protein S7	0.5975	36
SARS2	Seryl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial	0.5845	24
BCL2L14	BCL2 like 14	0.5782	36
TSPAN6	Tetraspanin 6	0.5636	36
SLC35A4	Solute carrier family 35 member A4	0.5478	36
COPS5	COP9 signalosome subunit 5	0.5301	15
MRPS25	Mitochondrial ribosomal protein S25	0.5197	36
HDAC11	Histone deacetylase 11	0.5179	36
CIB2	Calcium and integrin binding family member 2	0.5153	36
PSPN	Persephin	0.5094	36
FAM234A	Family with sequence similarity 234 member A	0.5074	22
GPR45	G protein-coupled receptor 45	0.5042	36
KRT85	Keratin 85	0.5040	36
C1QL4	Complement C1q like 4	0.4997	36
OR2AK2	Olfactory receptor family 2 subfamily AK member 2	0.4978	36

IMMUNE CELLS

QARS1 is part of cluster 13 Non-specific - Mitochondria with confidenceⁱ 0.81
458 genes in cluster

Go to interactive expression cluster page

15 nearest neighbours based on single cell RNA expression

Neighbourⁱ Gene name according to HGNC.	Descriptionⁱ Gene description according to HGNC.	Correlationⁱ Correlation between the selected gene and neighboring gene. Correlation is calculated as Spearman correlation in PCA space based on the RNA-seq expression data.	Clusterⁱ ID of the expression cluster of the neighboring gene.
RUVBL2	RuvB like AAA ATPase 2	0.9762	13
SNRPB	Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptides B and B1	0.9762	13
MRPL15	Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L15	0.9762	13
PES1	Pescadillo ribosomal biogenesis factor 1	0.9524	13
HMBS	Hydroxymethylbilane synthase	0.9524	13
CES4A	Carboxylesterase 4A	0.9524	13
RBBP4	RB binding protein 4, chromatin remodeling factor	0.9524	13
TRIM22	Tripartite motif containing 22	0.9524	13
ABCB7	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 7	0.9524	13
SH3TC1	SH3 domain and tetratricopeptide repeats 1	0.9524	13
MTCH2	Mitochondrial carrier 2	0.9524	13
ERAL1	Era like 12S mitochondrial rRNA chaperone 1	0.9286	13
SLC38A6	Solute carrier family 38 member 6	0.9286	13
TKFC	Triokinase and FMN cyclase	0.9286	13
SNRPD1	Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein D1 polypeptide	0.9286	13

Adipocytes	31.5 nTPM
Breast	33.1 nTPM
Adipose tissue	29.9 nTPM

Alveolar cells type 1	28.9 nTPM
Lung	28.9 nTPM

Alveolar cells type 2	43.0 nTPM
Lung	43.0 nTPM

Astrocytes	14.9 nTPM
Brain	14.9 nTPM

B-cells	44.9 nTPM
Skin	99.9 nTPM
PBMC	92.4 nTPM
Liver	86.9 nTPM
Kidney	46.8 nTPM
Thymus	41.6 nTPM
Salivary gland	40.9 nTPM
Adipose tissue	38.3 nTPM
Spleen	30.2 nTPM
Stomach	29.9 nTPM
Lymph node	26.6 nTPM
Lung	24.1 nTPM
Bone marrow	20.8 nTPM
Esophagus	5.9 nTPM

Ciliated cells	36.0 nTPM
Bronchus	57.4 nTPM
Lung	33.5 nTPM
Fallopian tube	28.1 nTPM
Endometrium	24.9 nTPM

Club cells	69.9 nTPM
Bronchus	105.7 nTPM
Lung	54.6 nTPM
Prostate	49.4 nTPM

Dendritic cells	65.5 nTPM
PBMC	86.3 nTPM
Adipose tissue	44.6 nTPM

Endothelial cells	43.4 nTPM
Placenta	69.3 nTPM
Heart muscle	66.8 nTPM
Testis	54.6 nTPM
Skin	54.0 nTPM
Liver	51.6 nTPM
Tongue	51.3 nTPM
Pancreas	49.1 nTPM
Fallopian tube	45.5 nTPM
Thymus	43.6 nTPM
Vascular	41.1 nTPM
Skeletal muscle	40.6 nTPM
Salivary gland	35.7 nTPM
Breast	33.4 nTPM
Ovary	33.2 nTPM
Endometrium	29.9 nTPM
Lung	29.6 nTPM
Esophagus	29.3 nTPM
Prostate	22.7 nTPM

Enteroendocrine cells	111.8 nTPM
Colon	177.4 nTPM
Small intestine	82.4 nTPM
Rectum	75.5 nTPM

Fibroblasts	38.2 nTPM
Placenta	142.5 nTPM
Pancreas	63.1 nTPM
Skin	45.5 nTPM
Liver	40.3 nTPM
Vascular	37.7 nTPM
Salivary gland	37.3 nTPM
Thymus	36.6 nTPM
Skeletal muscle	33.4 nTPM
Adipose tissue	31.0 nTPM
Breast	27.4 nTPM
Fallopian tube	25.3 nTPM
Heart muscle	25.0 nTPM
Lung	19.6 nTPM
Prostate	19.1 nTPM
Esophagus	16.4 nTPM
Stomach	11.5 nTPM

Granulocytes	26.4 nTPM
Tongue	29.1 nTPM
Fallopian tube	26.3 nTPM
Lung	23.7 nTPM

Intestinal goblet cells	102.8 nTPM
Rectum	136.5 nTPM
Colon	119.8 nTPM
Small intestine	52.2 nTPM

Lymphatic endothelial cells	39.6 nTPM
Ovary	43.6 nTPM
Fallopian tube	35.5 nTPM

Macrophages	48.1 nTPM
Pancreas	65.8 nTPM
Testis	62.0 nTPM
Adipose tissue	61.0 nTPM
Skeletal muscle	59.3 nTPM
Prostate	58.6 nTPM
Lung	55.7 nTPM
Salivary gland	55.6 nTPM
Tongue	53.3 nTPM
Fallopian tube	49.0 nTPM
Kidney	48.7 nTPM
Skin	45.7 nTPM
Thymus	45.5 nTPM
Bone marrow	43.6 nTPM
Stomach	41.2 nTPM
Spleen	39.1 nTPM
Vascular	38.0 nTPM
Breast	36.7 nTPM
Esophagus	30.8 nTPM
Endometrium	24.6 nTPM

Basal keratinocytes	72.8 nTPM
Tongue	79.7 nTPM
Skin	65.9 nTPM

Basal prostatic cells	33.6 nTPM
Prostate	33.6 nTPM

Basal respiratory cells	89.2 nTPM
Bronchus	89.2 nTPM

Bipolar cells	7.5 nTPM
Eye	7.5 nTPM

Paneth cells	103.0 nTPM
Rectum	145.5 nTPM
Colon	104.9 nTPM
Small intestine	58.7 nTPM

Plasma cells	45.0 nTPM
Liver	91.1 nTPM
Thymus	64.4 nTPM
Spleen	42.1 nTPM
Salivary gland	39.4 nTPM
Esophagus	36.4 nTPM
Bone marrow	36.2 nTPM
Stomach	25.5 nTPM
Fallopian tube	25.1 nTPM

Schwann cells	26.8 nTPM
Adipose tissue	68.3 nTPM
Vascular	12.0 nTPM
Esophagus	0.0 nTPM

Serous glandular cells	81.7 nTPM
Salivary gland	92.6 nTPM
Tongue	70.7 nTPM

Smooth muscle cells	34.9 nTPM
Placenta	100.5 nTPM
Liver	56.5 nTPM
Salivary gland	44.3 nTPM
Skin	42.7 nTPM
Skeletal muscle	35.8 nTPM
Thymus	33.0 nTPM
Ovary	31.2 nTPM
Tongue	29.3 nTPM
Endometrium	29.2 nTPM
Fallopian tube	27.4 nTPM
Vascular	25.4 nTPM
Prostate	22.5 nTPM
Breast	22.3 nTPM
Adipose tissue	21.8 nTPM
Esophagus	19.2 nTPM
Lung	17.6 nTPM

Suprabasal keratinocytes	105.4 nTPM
Tongue	121.7 nTPM
Skin	89.0 nTPM

T-cells	35.9 nTPM
PBMC	87.4 nTPM
Liver	80.0 nTPM
Colon	77.0 nTPM
Skin	45.6 nTPM
Kidney	39.9 nTPM
Skeletal muscle	39.3 nTPM
Salivary gland	39.0 nTPM
Thymus	35.3 nTPM
Tongue	33.8 nTPM
Adipose tissue	33.1 nTPM
Vascular	28.1 nTPM
Spleen	26.2 nTPM
Lung	25.0 nTPM
Lymph node	23.9 nTPM
Stomach	23.6 nTPM
Breast	22.8 nTPM
Bone marrow	21.9 nTPM
Fallopian tube	19.6 nTPM
Esophagus	19.5 nTPM
Prostate	16.9 nTPM
Endometrium	16.0 nTPM

Undifferentiated cells	166.6 nTPM
Rectum	176.5 nTPM
Small intestine	166.1 nTPM
Colon	157.1 nTPM

Amygdala excitatory	9.6 nTPM
Basal ganglia	11.5 nTPM
Hippocampus	10.2 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	10.0 nTPM
Hypothalamus	9.9 nTPM
Amygdala	9.8 nTPM
Thalamus	5.9 nTPM

Astrocyte	26.7 nTPM
Cerebellum	37.0 nTPM
Pons	31.5 nTPM
Midbrain	31.0 nTPM
Hippocampus	29.5 nTPM
Thalamus	29.4 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	29.3 nTPM
Basal ganglia	25.3 nTPM
Spinal cord	24.4 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	23.7 nTPM
Amygdala	18.1 nTPM
Hypothalamus	14.6 nTPM

Bergmann glia	24.7 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	27.7 nTPM
Cerebellum	23.5 nTPM
Pons	23.0 nTPM

Central nervous system macrophage	22.6 nTPM
Spinal cord	28.3 nTPM
Cerebellum	27.2 nTPM
Midbrain	26.0 nTPM
Hippocampus	25.1 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	24.4 nTPM
Basal ganglia	23.1 nTPM
Pons	22.4 nTPM
Thalamus	20.2 nTPM
Amygdala	19.4 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	17.3 nTPM
Hypothalamus	15.3 nTPM

Cerebellar inhibitory	16.9 nTPM
Spinal cord	19.2 nTPM
Midbrain	17.4 nTPM
Cerebellum	16.6 nTPM
Pons	16.1 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	14.9 nTPM

Cge interneuron	12.2 nTPM
Midbrain	14.8 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	13.0 nTPM
Thalamus	12.3 nTPM
Basal ganglia	12.1 nTPM
Hippocampus	11.9 nTPM
Amygdala	11.0 nTPM
Hypothalamus	10.4 nTPM

Choroid plexus epithelial cell	25.5 nTPM
Thalamus	49.3 nTPM
Basal ganglia	19.9 nTPM
Hippocampus	16.6 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	16.0 nTPM

Committed oligodendrocyte precursor	18.9 nTPM
Spinal cord	25.8 nTPM
Pons	24.8 nTPM
Midbrain	23.5 nTPM
Basal ganglia	22.4 nTPM
Thalamus	18.7 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	18.1 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	17.1 nTPM
Hippocampus	16.8 nTPM
Cerebellum	15.9 nTPM
Hypothalamus	13.0 nTPM
Amygdala	12.4 nTPM

Deep-layer corticothalamic and 6b	10.3 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	12.0 nTPM
Basal ganglia	10.7 nTPM
Amygdala	10.0 nTPM
Hippocampus	10.0 nTPM
Midbrain	10.0 nTPM
Hypothalamus	9.1 nTPM

Deep-layer intratelencephalic	10.5 nTPM
Basal ganglia	11.6 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	11.1 nTPM
Amygdala	10.2 nTPM
Hippocampus	9.9 nTPM
Hypothalamus	9.9 nTPM

Deep-layer near-projecting	10.6 nTPM
Basal ganglia	13.3 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	12.1 nTPM
Hippocampus	10.7 nTPM
Amygdala	9.6 nTPM
Hypothalamus	7.5 nTPM

Eccentric medium spiny neuron	10.0 nTPM
Hippocampus	10.8 nTPM
Basal ganglia	10.3 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	10.2 nTPM
Thalamus	10.2 nTPM
Amygdala	9.4 nTPM
Hypothalamus	8.9 nTPM