Single cell type - DARS2 - The Human Protein Atlas

GENERAL INFORMATIONⁱ General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene nameⁱ Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.	DARS2
Gene descriptionⁱ Full gene name according to HGNC.	Aspartyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial
Protein classⁱ Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).	Disease related genes Enzymes Human disease related genes Potential drug targets
Predicted locationⁱ All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions. Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached. Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s). The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.	Intracellular
Number of transcriptsⁱ Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.	7

HUMAN PROTEIN ATLAS INFORMATIONⁱ Summary of RNA expression and protein localization based on data generated within the Human Protein Atlas project.
Single cell type expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across single cell types. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Non-specific - Cell proliferation (mainly)
Single cell type specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell types based on scRNA-seq data from normal tissues. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.	Low cell type specificity
Tau specificity scoreⁱ Tau specificity score is a numerical indicator of the specificity of the gene expression across cells or tissues. The value ranges from 0 and 1, where 0 indicates identical expression across all cells/tissue types, while 1 indicates expression in a single cell/tissue type.	0.37
Brain cluster specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell cluster types based on snRNA-seq data from brain samples. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected. "cell type" refer to one of the 34 cluster names used to summarize the 2.5 million cells included in the brain cell representation.	Low cell type specificity
Immune cell specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples based on data from HPA. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.	Low immune cell specificity
Protein evidenceⁱ Evidence score for genes based on UniProt protein existence (UniProt evidence); neXtProt protein existence (neXtProt evidence);and a Human Protein Atlas antibody- or RNA based score (HPA evidence). The avaliable scores are evidence at protein level, evidence at transcript level, no evidence, or not avaliable.	Evidence at protein level

ASSAYSⁱ

Single cell type

Cell type enrichment

Single nuclei - Brain

Immune cells

Expression clustering

SINGLE CELL TYPESⁱ A summary of normalized single cell RNA (nTPM) from all single cell types. Color-coding is based on cell type groups, each consisting of cell types with functional features in common.
Single cell types RNA single cell type specificity: Low cell type specificity

TISSUE CELL TYPEⁱ The tissue cell type section provides a cell type specificity prediction for all protein coding genes. More information on the data available can be found here and a description of the analysis here.
	Core cell typesⁱ The core cell type table displays data for a panel of eight cell types that are found in many tissues. Colored dots indicate that the selected gene has core cell type specificity in the indicated tissue. Grey dots indicate that cell type is present within that tissue, but the selected gene is not predicted to be enriched there. Category Alphabetical Enrichment Tissue specific cell typesⁱ This plot shows the enrichment score of the selected gene in all non-core cell types found within the profiled tissues, allowing comparisons between different cell types within different tissues. An enlarged symbol indicates classification of the gene as cell type enriched in the corresponding cell type.

SINGLE NUCLEI BRAINⁱ

Single nuclei cluster types

RNA brain cluster specificity: Low cell type specificity

IMMUNE CELL TYPE EXPRESSION (RNA)ⁱ Blood cell type expression overview shows RNA-seq data from three different sources: Internally generated Human Protein Atlas (HPA) data, as well as data generated by (Monaco et al) and (Schmiedel et al). Color-coding is based on blood cell type lineages, including B-cells, T-cells, NK-cells, monocytes, granulocytes and dendritic cells as well as total PBMC. To access sample data, click on tissue name or bar.
HPA datasetⁱ The resulting transcript expression values calculated as nTPM, resulting from the internal normalization pipeline for 18 immune cell types and total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Lineage Expression Alphabetical Immune cell type specificity: Low immune cell specificity
Monaco datasetⁱ The transcript expression values (nTPM) resulting from the internal normalization pipeline are visualized for 29 blood cell types and total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from Monaco et al. Lineage Expression Alphabetical
Schmiedel datasetⁱ Transcript Per Million (TPM) values are visualized for 15 blood cell types from the Schmiedel et al. dataset. Lineage Expression Alphabetical

EXPRESSION CLUSTERING & CORRELATIONⁱ

SINGLE CELL TYPE

DARS2 is part of cluster 52 Non-specific - Cell proliferation with confidenceⁱ 1
248 genes in cluster

Go to interactive expression cluster page

15 nearest neighbours based on single cell RNA expression

Neighbourⁱ Gene name according to HGNC.	Descriptionⁱ Gene description according to HGNC.	Correlationⁱ Correlation between the selected gene and neighboring gene. Correlation is calculated as Spearman correlation in PCA space based on the RNA-seq expression data.	Clusterⁱ ID of the expression cluster of the neighboring gene.
NUP37	Nucleoporin 37	0.5172	52
MELK	Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase	0.5161	52
SUV39H1	SUV39H1 histone lysine methyltransferase	0.4944	4
CCDC43	Coiled-coil domain containing 43	0.4937	4
SCO1	Synthesis of cytochrome C oxidase 1	0.4925	4
BCL2L12	BCL2 like 12	0.4907	52
MCM10	Minichromosome maintenance 10 replication initiation factor	0.4898	52
TK1	Thymidine kinase 1	0.4895	52
AURKB	Aurora kinase B	0.4887	52
GCN1	GCN1 activator of EIF2AK4	0.4861	39
MEN1	Menin 1	0.4852	39
RRM2	Ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2	0.4827	61
EXOSC2	Exosome component 2	0.4776	39
DTYMK	Deoxythymidylate kinase	0.4776	52
ORC6	Origin recognition complex subunit 6	0.4715	52

IMMUNE CELLS

DARS2 is part of cluster 14 Non-specific - Unknown function with confidenceⁱ 0.99
292 genes in cluster

Go to interactive expression cluster page

15 nearest neighbours based on single cell RNA expression

Neighbourⁱ Gene name according to HGNC.	Descriptionⁱ Gene description according to HGNC.	Correlationⁱ Correlation between the selected gene and neighboring gene. Correlation is calculated as Spearman correlation in PCA space based on the RNA-seq expression data.	Clusterⁱ ID of the expression cluster of the neighboring gene.
DHX57	DExH-box helicase 57	0.9762	14
GPAT2	Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 2, mitochondrial	0.9524	14
FRS2	Fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2	0.9524	14
ZNF335	Zinc finger protein 335	0.9286	33
CLHC1	Clathrin heavy chain linker domain containing 1	0.9286	14
SLC17A9	Solute carrier family 17 member 9	0.9048	14
TRMT61B	TRNA methyltransferase 61B	0.9048	14
NAB2	NGFI-A binding protein 2	0.9048	14
PHF7	PHD finger protein 7	0.9048	14
UTP25	UTP25 small subunit processome component	0.8810	14
QRICH1	Glutamine rich 1	0.8810	33
ARL4A	ADP ribosylation factor like GTPase 4A	0.8810	16
MSH3	MutS homolog 3	0.8810	14
MTMR4	Myotubularin related protein 4	0.8810	14
CCNE1	Cyclin E1	0.8810	40