Single cell type - FH - The Human Protein Atlas

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GENERAL INFORMATIONⁱ General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene nameⁱ Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.	FH
Gene descriptionⁱ Full gene name according to HGNC.	Fumarate hydratase
Protein classⁱ Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).	Cancer-related genes Citric acid cycle related proteins Disease related genes Enzymes Human disease related genes Metabolic proteins Plasma proteins Potential drug targets
Predicted locationⁱ All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions. Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached. Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s). The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.	Intracellular
Number of transcriptsⁱ Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.	2

HUMAN PROTEIN ATLAS INFORMATIONⁱ Summary of RNA expression and protein localization based on data generated within the Human Protein Atlas project.
Single cell type expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across single cell types. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Non-specific - Mixed function (mainly)
Single cell type specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell types based on scRNA-seq data from normal tissues. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.	Cell type enhanced (Early spermatids, Cardiomyocytes, Syncytiotrophoblasts)
Tau specificity scoreⁱ Tau specificity score is a numerical indicator of the specificity of the gene expression across cells or tissues. The value ranges from 0 and 1, where 0 indicates identical expression across all cells/tissue types, while 1 indicates expression in a single cell/tissue type.	0.38
Brain cluster specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell cluster types based on snRNA-seq data from brain samples. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected. "cell type" refer to one of the 34 cluster names used to summarize the 2.5 million cells included in the brain cell representation.	Low cell type specificity
Immune cell specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples based on data from HPA. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.	Low immune cell specificity
Protein evidenceⁱ Evidence score for genes based on UniProt protein existence (UniProt evidence); neXtProt protein existence (neXtProt evidence);and a Human Protein Atlas antibody- or RNA based score (HPA evidence). The avaliable scores are evidence at protein level, evidence at transcript level, no evidence, or not avaliable.	Evidence at protein level

ASSAYSⁱ

SINGLE CELL TYPESⁱ A summary of normalized single cell RNA (nTPM) from all single cell types. Color-coding is based on cell type groups, each consisting of cell types with functional features in common.
Single cell types RNA single cell type specificity: Cell type enhanced (Early spermatids, Cardiomyocytes, Syncytiotrophoblasts)

TISSUE CELL TYPEⁱ The tissue cell type section provides a cell type specificity prediction for all protein coding genes. More information on the data available can be found here and a description of the analysis here.
	Core cell typesⁱ The core cell type table displays data for a panel of eight cell types that are found in many tissues. Colored dots indicate that the selected gene has core cell type specificity in the indicated tissue. Grey dots indicate that cell type is present within that tissue, but the selected gene is not predicted to be enriched there. Category Alphabetical Enrichment Tissue specific cell typesⁱ This plot shows the enrichment score of the selected gene in all non-core cell types found within the profiled tissues, allowing comparisons between different cell types within different tissues. An enlarged symbol indicates classification of the gene as cell type enriched in the corresponding cell type.

SINGLE NUCLEI BRAINⁱ

Single nuclei cluster types

RNA brain cluster specificity: Low cell type specificity

IMMUNE CELL TYPE EXPRESSION (RNA)ⁱ Blood cell type expression overview shows RNA-seq data from three different sources: Internally generated Human Protein Atlas (HPA) data, as well as data generated by (Monaco et al) and (Schmiedel et al). Color-coding is based on blood cell type lineages, including B-cells, T-cells, NK-cells, monocytes, granulocytes and dendritic cells as well as total PBMC. To access sample data, click on tissue name or bar.
HPA datasetⁱ The resulting transcript expression values calculated as nTPM, resulting from the internal normalization pipeline for 18 immune cell types and total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Lineage Expression Alphabetical Immune cell type specificity: Low immune cell specificity
Monaco datasetⁱ The transcript expression values (nTPM) resulting from the internal normalization pipeline are visualized for 29 blood cell types and total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from Monaco et al. Lineage Expression Alphabetical
Schmiedel datasetⁱ Transcript Per Million (TPM) values are visualized for 15 blood cell types from the Schmiedel et al. dataset. Lineage Expression Alphabetical

EXPRESSION CLUSTERING & CORRELATIONⁱ

SINGLE CELL TYPE

FH is part of cluster 15 Non-specific - Mixed function with confidenceⁱ 1
295 genes in cluster

Go to interactive expression cluster page

15 nearest neighbours based on single cell RNA expression

Neighbourⁱ Gene name according to HGNC.	Descriptionⁱ Gene description according to HGNC.	Correlationⁱ Correlation between the selected gene and neighboring gene. Correlation is calculated as Spearman correlation in PCA space based on the RNA-seq expression data.	Clusterⁱ ID of the expression cluster of the neighboring gene.
ATP5F1B	ATP synthase F1 subunit beta	0.6933	15
COX5A	Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A	0.6676	39
SDHB	Succinate dehydrogenase complex iron sulfur subunit B	0.6266	15
UQCRC1	Ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein 1	0.6265	39
PSMD7	Proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 7	0.6003	15
PSMC4	Proteasome 26S subunit, ATPase 4	0.5702	15
NDUFS3	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S3	0.5636	39
ATP5MC1	ATP synthase membrane subunit c locus 1	0.5436	39
NDUFA8	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A8	0.5346	39
SLC25A3	Solute carrier family 25 member 3	0.5345	15
PSMD11	Proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 11	0.5311	15
NDUFA6	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A6	0.5255	68
NDUFV1	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit V1	0.5252	39
CYC1	Cytochrome c1	0.5202	39
HADH	Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase	0.5155	22

IMMUNE CELLS

FH is part of cluster 13 Non-specific - Mitochondria with confidenceⁱ 0.72
458 genes in cluster

Go to interactive expression cluster page

15 nearest neighbours based on single cell RNA expression

Neighbourⁱ Gene name according to HGNC.	Descriptionⁱ Gene description according to HGNC.	Correlationⁱ Correlation between the selected gene and neighboring gene. Correlation is calculated as Spearman correlation in PCA space based on the RNA-seq expression data.	Clusterⁱ ID of the expression cluster of the neighboring gene.
NUDT6	Nudix hydrolase 6	0.9762	13
PES1	Pescadillo ribosomal biogenesis factor 1	0.9762	13
ALG10	ALG10 alpha-1,2-glucosyltransferase	0.9762	13
MVD	Mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase	0.9524	13
PLEKHG2	Pleckstrin homology and RhoGEF domain containing G2	0.9524	13
SMARCB1	SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily b, member 1	0.9524	13
DPH1	Diphthamide biosynthesis 1	0.9524	13
ZNF593	Zinc finger protein 593	0.9524	13
SNRPB	Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptides B and B1	0.9524	13
MTHFD1L	Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent) 1 like	0.9286	13
SLC5A6	Solute carrier family 5 member 6	0.9286	13
MRPL15	Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L15	0.9286	13
FBH1	F-box DNA helicase 1	0.9286	13
TRIM22	Tripartite motif containing 22	0.9286	13
NTHL1	Nth like DNA glycosylase 1	0.9286	13

Adipocytes	15.0 nTPM
Breast	18.3 nTPM
Adipose tissue	11.7 nTPM

Alveolar cells type 1	37.4 nTPM
Lung	37.4 nTPM

Alveolar cells type 2	37.7 nTPM
Lung	37.7 nTPM

Astrocytes	9.0 nTPM
Brain	9.0 nTPM

B-cells	19.8 nTPM
Liver	33.8 nTPM
Kidney	31.2 nTPM
Lung	25.5 nTPM
PBMC	23.1 nTPM
Salivary gland	22.6 nTPM
Thymus	22.1 nTPM
Spleen	21.5 nTPM
Lymph node	17.8 nTPM
Stomach	17.3 nTPM
Bone marrow	16.0 nTPM
Skin	10.2 nTPM
Adipose tissue	9.9 nTPM
Esophagus	5.9 nTPM

Ciliated cells	24.5 nTPM
Fallopian tube	28.3 nTPM
Lung	24.7 nTPM
Bronchus	23.7 nTPM
Endometrium	21.3 nTPM

Club cells	36.8 nTPM
Bronchus	50.5 nTPM
Lung	36.8 nTPM
Prostate	23.0 nTPM

Dendritic cells	12.3 nTPM
Adipose tissue	13.8 nTPM
PBMC	10.8 nTPM

Endothelial cells	19.5 nTPM
Pancreas	36.2 nTPM
Lung	27.6 nTPM
Tongue	26.9 nTPM
Placenta	24.4 nTPM
Fallopian tube	24.2 nTPM
Heart muscle	23.1 nTPM
Thymus	22.6 nTPM
Testis	20.5 nTPM
Breast	20.2 nTPM
Skeletal muscle	18.2 nTPM
Liver	17.6 nTPM
Prostate	14.9 nTPM
Ovary	14.6 nTPM
Salivary gland	14.5 nTPM
Endometrium	14.1 nTPM
Vascular	13.5 nTPM
Esophagus	9.2 nTPM
Skin	8.5 nTPM

Enteroendocrine cells	49.9 nTPM
Colon	104.0 nTPM
Rectum	25.2 nTPM
Small intestine	20.6 nTPM

Fibroblasts	26.5 nTPM
Pancreas	61.9 nTPM
Lung	40.9 nTPM
Heart muscle	37.3 nTPM
Thymus	33.9 nTPM
Placenta	32.9 nTPM
Fallopian tube	27.5 nTPM
Vascular	24.9 nTPM
Salivary gland	24.7 nTPM
Skeletal muscle	22.4 nTPM
Breast	21.2 nTPM
Adipose tissue	19.9 nTPM
Stomach	18.7 nTPM
Prostate	17.2 nTPM
Esophagus	15.2 nTPM
Skin	14.0 nTPM
Liver	11.9 nTPM

Granulocytes	21.5 nTPM
Tongue	29.1 nTPM
Lung	20.2 nTPM
Fallopian tube	15.2 nTPM

Intestinal goblet cells	45.6 nTPM
Colon	81.7 nTPM
Rectum	35.5 nTPM
Small intestine	19.7 nTPM

Lymphatic endothelial cells	28.6 nTPM
Ovary	32.7 nTPM
Fallopian tube	24.4 nTPM

Macrophages	22.4 nTPM
Pancreas	43.2 nTPM
Lung	39.6 nTPM
Kidney	30.1 nTPM
Testis	29.1 nTPM
Prostate	27.7 nTPM
Tongue	24.6 nTPM
Breast	23.7 nTPM
Adipose tissue	23.2 nTPM
Fallopian tube	23.2 nTPM
Thymus	22.9 nTPM
Endometrium	22.8 nTPM
Spleen	22.1 nTPM
Bone marrow	21.3 nTPM
Skeletal muscle	18.2 nTPM
Salivary gland	17.3 nTPM
Vascular	14.3 nTPM
Esophagus	14.1 nTPM
Skin	5.6 nTPM
Stomach	2.6 nTPM

Basal prostatic cells	26.4 nTPM
Prostate	26.4 nTPM

Basal respiratory cells	66.1 nTPM
Bronchus	66.1 nTPM

Bipolar cells	17.9 nTPM
Eye	17.9 nTPM

Cholangiocytes	32.4 nTPM
Liver	32.4 nTPM

Paneth cells	42.0 nTPM
Colon	54.3 nTPM
Rectum	44.2 nTPM
Small intestine	27.6 nTPM

Plasma cells	50.8 nTPM
Thymus	97.6 nTPM
Liver	72.6 nTPM
Bone marrow	69.5 nTPM
Spleen	65.9 nTPM
Stomach	31.8 nTPM
Fallopian tube	28.3 nTPM
Esophagus	20.8 nTPM
Salivary gland	19.7 nTPM

Schwann cells	20.4 nTPM
Vascular	25.1 nTPM
Adipose tissue	24.2 nTPM
Esophagus	12.0 nTPM

Serous glandular cells	25.6 nTPM
Salivary gland	42.3 nTPM
Tongue	8.8 nTPM

Smooth muscle cells	29.3 nTPM
Thymus	45.7 nTPM
Placenta	45.0 nTPM
Fallopian tube	38.7 nTPM
Ovary	34.8 nTPM
Breast	34.5 nTPM
Esophagus	31.2 nTPM
Lung	30.6 nTPM
Tongue	29.6 nTPM
Vascular	28.7 nTPM
Salivary gland	28.0 nTPM
Skeletal muscle	26.4 nTPM
Endometrium	22.8 nTPM
Prostate	20.1 nTPM
Skin	19.7 nTPM
Adipose tissue	18.5 nTPM
Liver	14.9 nTPM

Suprabasal keratinocytes	45.3 nTPM
Tongue	70.2 nTPM
Skin	20.4 nTPM

T-cells	15.5 nTPM
Kidney	22.2 nTPM
Lung	19.9 nTPM
PBMC	19.2 nTPM
Liver	19.0 nTPM
Breast	18.3 nTPM
Thymus	17.8 nTPM
Tongue	17.5 nTPM
Fallopian tube	17.4 nTPM
Prostate	16.6 nTPM
Stomach	15.4 nTPM
Salivary gland	15.0 nTPM
Lymph node	14.8 nTPM
Colon	14.6 nTPM
Endometrium	14.1 nTPM
Bone marrow	13.9 nTPM
Spleen	13.0 nTPM
Adipose tissue	12.8 nTPM
Esophagus	12.2 nTPM
Skeletal muscle	12.1 nTPM
Skin	10.5 nTPM
Vascular	9.2 nTPM

Undifferentiated cells	83.8 nTPM
Colon	121.7 nTPM
Small intestine	66.9 nTPM
Rectum	62.7 nTPM

Amygdala excitatory	14.9 nTPM
Basal ganglia	21.1 nTPM
Amygdala	15.4 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	14.2 nTPM
Hippocampus	14.1 nTPM
Hypothalamus	12.8 nTPM
Thalamus	11.8 nTPM

Astrocyte	14.8 nTPM
Thalamus	17.9 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	17.3 nTPM
Amygdala	16.3 nTPM
Midbrain	16.2 nTPM
Hippocampus	16.1 nTPM
Basal ganglia	16.0 nTPM
Cerebellum	15.9 nTPM
Pons	15.5 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	12.4 nTPM
Hypothalamus	11.2 nTPM
Spinal cord	8.6 nTPM

Bergmann glia	17.0 nTPM
Cerebellum	20.9 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	17.0 nTPM
Pons	12.9 nTPM

Central nervous system macrophage	15.0 nTPM
Spinal cord	16.8 nTPM
Amygdala	16.2 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	16.2 nTPM
Cerebellum	15.4 nTPM
Hippocampus	14.9 nTPM
Midbrain	14.8 nTPM
Thalamus	14.8 nTPM
Hypothalamus	14.6 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	14.3 nTPM
Basal ganglia	13.9 nTPM
Pons	13.1 nTPM

Cerebellar inhibitory	32.4 nTPM
Spinal cord	55.0 nTPM
Pons	30.1 nTPM
Midbrain	26.4 nTPM
Cerebellum	26.3 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	24.1 nTPM

Cge interneuron	24.3 nTPM
Thalamus	33.8 nTPM
Midbrain	28.3 nTPM
Basal ganglia	26.0 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	25.3 nTPM
Hippocampus	21.5 nTPM
Amygdala	19.8 nTPM
Hypothalamus	15.7 nTPM

Choroid plexus epithelial cell	23.2 nTPM
Hippocampus	30.5 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	22.8 nTPM
Basal ganglia	20.1 nTPM
Thalamus	19.2 nTPM

Committed oligodendrocyte precursor	17.4 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	24.5 nTPM
Spinal cord	22.1 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	18.4 nTPM
Hippocampus	17.9 nTPM
Pons	16.8 nTPM
Basal ganglia	16.4 nTPM
Hypothalamus	16.4 nTPM
Midbrain	16.0 nTPM
Cerebellum	15.9 nTPM
Amygdala	14.7 nTPM
Thalamus	12.6 nTPM

Deep-layer corticothalamic and 6b	15.8 nTPM
Midbrain	24.4 nTPM
Basal ganglia	16.7 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	15.5 nTPM
Hippocampus	14.1 nTPM
Amygdala	13.4 nTPM
Hypothalamus	10.7 nTPM

Deep-layer intratelencephalic	13.6 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	15.9 nTPM
Basal ganglia	15.6 nTPM
Amygdala	13.6 nTPM
Hippocampus	13.3 nTPM
Hypothalamus	9.4 nTPM

Deep-layer near-projecting	12.0 nTPM
Basal ganglia	19.5 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	13.9 nTPM
Amygdala	11.2 nTPM
Hypothalamus	8.3 nTPM
Hippocampus	7.2 nTPM

Eccentric medium spiny neuron	17.8 nTPM
Hypothalamus	20.5 nTPM
Hippocampus	19.1 nTPM
Amygdala	18.2 nTPM
Thalamus	17.3 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	16.7 nTPM
Basal ganglia	15.2 nTPM