Subcellular - DHFR - The Human Protein Atlas

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DHFR

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Field

Cluster

Cluster

Cluster

Pathway

SUMMARY

TISSUE

BRAIN

SINGLE CELL

SUBCELL

CANCER

BLOOD

CELL LINE

STRUCT & INT

DHFR

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GENERAL INFORMATIONⁱ General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene nameⁱ Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.	DHFR
Gene descriptionⁱ Full gene name according to HGNC.	Dihydrofolate reductase
Protein classⁱ Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).	Cancer-related genes Disease related genes Enzymes FDA approved drug targets Human disease related genes Metabolic proteins
Predicted locationⁱ All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions. Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached. Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s). The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.	Intracellular
Number of transcriptsⁱ Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.	4

HUMAN PROTEIN ATLAS INFORMATIONⁱ Summary of RNA expression and protein localization based on data generated within the Human Protein Atlas project.
Main locationⁱ Main subcellular location(s) and reliability score(s) for the encoded protein(s) in human cells. The main location(s) may be characterized by presence in all tested cell lines and/or ihigher staining intensity compared to the potential additional location(s). If available, links to overrepresentation analyses in Reactome, a free, open-source, curated and peer reviewed biological pathway database, are provided. An analysis is done for the corresponding gene set of the proteome localizing to the main and additional locations of the protein on this page, respectively.	Localized to the Mitochondria (approved)
Cell cycle dependencyⁱ Cell-cycle dependance of single-cell varations in RNA and/or protein expression as observed in an additional assay for characterizing single-cell varations. "NA" indicates a lack of such data.	Variation in transcript expression is correlated to the cell cycle.
Reliability scoreⁱ Overall gene reliability score for the subcellular location(s) of the encoded protein(s). The score indicates the level of reliability of the annotated protein localization based on agreement with available experimental gene/protein characterization data in the UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot database and presence of antibody validation assays for immunocytochemistry.	Approved
Antibodiesⁱ Antibodies used for this assay. Click on an antibody for more information.	HPA051465
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ASSAYSⁱ

Summaryⁱ

Localized to the mitochondria. Caution: Based on antibodies targeting proteins from multiple genes.

Main locationⁱ

Mitochondria (approved)

Human cell lines

Single cell variation

HUMAN CELL LINESⁱ


	Toggle channelsⁱ Buttons for turning on and off the different channels in the multi-color images. The intensity toggle shows the pixel intensity range in 16 different colors for the selected channel. The object toggle shows the computational segmentation of the cells used for further analysis in the HPA project. For samples where cell cycle dependency for the protein is suggested according to a correlation assay the predicted cell cycle position of each cell is displayed when using the object toggle.	Low High

Thumbnailⁱ Minatures of all available images. The checkboxes can be used to select which three images to compare in the window above. All images are also clickable for an enlarged view. The selected image will appear in large size and miniature images with all other staining results for this gene will be listed at the top left of the image. The selected miniature image has an orange overlay.	Antibodyⁱ Antibody used for analysis. Clicking the antibody ID links to the antibody validation page.	Cell lineⁱ Cell line used for analysis. Read more about the cell lines in the Human Protein Atlas.	Cell line RNA Expression (nTPM)ⁱ RNA expression level in the cell line based on normalised RNA sequencing data. Genes with a value above 1 NX are considered to be expressed.	Locationⁱ Observed subcellular location(s).	Single-cell variationⁱ Observed single-cell variation(s) in the staining pattern. Variation in protein expression levels can be observed as varaiations in the intensity of the immunofluorescent signal, while spatial variations can be observed as variations in subcellular distribution of the protein.	Cell cycle dependent variationⁱ Cell-cycle dependance of observed single-cell varations in RNA and/or protein expression as observed in an additional assay for characterizing single-cell varations.
	HPA051465	MCF-7	77.6	Mitochondria
	HPA051465	PC-3	34.1	Mitochondria
	HPA051465	U2OS	56.6	Mitochondria

SPERM CELLSⁱ


	Toggle channelsⁱ Buttons for turning on and off the different channels in the multi-color images. The intensity toggle shows the pixel intensity range in 16 different colors for the selected channel. The object toggle shows the computational segmentation of the cells used for further analysis in the HPA project. For samples where cell cycle dependency for the protein is suggested according to a correlation assay the predicted cell cycle position of each cell is displayed when using the object toggle.	Low High

Thumbnailⁱ Minatures of all available images. The checkboxes can be used to select which three images to compare in the window above. All images are also clickable for an enlarged view. The selected image will appear in large size and miniature images with all other staining results for this gene will be listed at the top left of the image. The selected miniature image has an orange overlay.	Antibodyⁱ Antibody used for analysis. Clicking the antibody ID links to the antibody validation page.	Cell lineⁱ Cell line used for analysis. Read more about the cell lines in the Human Protein Atlas.	Cell line RNA Expression (nTPM)ⁱ RNA expression level in the cell line based on normalised RNA sequencing data. Genes with a value above 1 NX are considered to be expressed.	Locationⁱ Observed subcellular location(s).	Single-cell variationⁱ Observed single-cell variation(s) in the staining pattern. Variation in protein expression levels can be observed as varaiations in the intensity of the immunofluorescent signal, while spatial variations can be observed as variations in subcellular distribution of the protein.	Cell cycle dependent variationⁱ Cell-cycle dependance of observed single-cell varations in RNA and/or protein expression as observed in an additional assay for characterizing single-cell varations.
	HPA051465	Sperm		No staining

SINGLE CELL VARIATIONⁱ Assays for determining cell cycle dependency of RNA and protein expression, based on stainings in the U-2 OS FUCCI (Fluorescence Ubiquitination Cell Cycle Indicator) cell line, or a computational model for cell cycle position, or localization to cell cycle dependent compartments (e.g. mitotic spindle, cytokinetic bridge).
Summaryⁱ Summary of observed cell cycle dependency of RNA and/or protein expression. "NA" indicates a lack of such data.	Variation in transcript expression is correlated to the cell cycle.
RNA expression peak phase	S

RNA expression across cell cycleⁱ Assay for determining RNA expression level and cell cycle phase in single cells by single-cell RNA sequencing of the U-2 OS FUCCI cell line. Normalized RNA expression in individual cells is plotted along a linear representation of cell cycle pseudotime, as determined from the fluorescence intensities of the cell cycle markers.

RNA EXPRESSION OVERVIEWⁱ

Organ

Origin

Category

Expression

Alphabetical

Cell lines ordered by organ of phenotypic resemblance.

Contact

The Project

The Human Protein Atlas

The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
by the Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation.

contact@proteinatlas.org