Single cell type - RAD51D - The Human Protein Atlas

RAD51D

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GENERAL INFORMATIONⁱ General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene nameⁱ Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.	RAD51D
Gene descriptionⁱ Full gene name according to HGNC.	RAD51 paralog D
Protein classⁱ Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).	Cancer-related genes Disease related genes Human disease related genes
Predicted locationⁱ All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions. Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached. Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s). The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.	Intracellular
Number of transcriptsⁱ Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.	9

HUMAN PROTEIN ATLAS INFORMATIONⁱ Summary of RNA expression and protein localization based on data generated within the Human Protein Atlas project.
Single cell type expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across single cell types. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Late spermatids - Unknown function (mainly)
Single cell type specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell types based on scRNA-seq data from normal tissues. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.	Group enriched (Late spermatids, Early spermatids)
Tau specificity scoreⁱ Tau specificity score is a numerical indicator of the specificity of the gene expression across cells or tissues. The value ranges from 0 and 1, where 0 indicates identical expression across all cells/tissue types, while 1 indicates expression in a single cell/tissue type.	0.67
Brain cluster specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell cluster types based on snRNA-seq data from brain samples. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected. "cell type" refer to one of the 34 cluster names used to summarize the 2.5 million cells included in the brain cell representation.	Not detected
Immune cell specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples based on data from HPA. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.	Low immune cell specificity
Protein evidenceⁱ Evidence score for genes based on UniProt protein existence (UniProt evidence); neXtProt protein existence (neXtProt evidence);and a Human Protein Atlas antibody- or RNA based score (HPA evidence). The avaliable scores are evidence at protein level, evidence at transcript level, no evidence, or not avaliable.	Evidence at protein level

ASSAYSⁱ

SINGLE CELL TYPESⁱ A summary of normalized single cell RNA (nTPM) from all single cell types. Color-coding is based on cell type groups, each consisting of cell types with functional features in common.
Single cell types RNA single cell type specificity: Group enriched (Late spermatids, Early spermatids)

TISSUE CELL TYPEⁱ The tissue cell type section provides a cell type specificity prediction for all protein coding genes. More information on the data available can be found here and a description of the analysis here.
	Core cell typesⁱ The core cell type table displays data for a panel of eight cell types that are found in many tissues. Colored dots indicate that the selected gene has core cell type specificity in the indicated tissue. Grey dots indicate that cell type is present within that tissue, but the selected gene is not predicted to be enriched there. Category Alphabetical Enrichment Tissue specific cell typesⁱ This plot shows the enrichment score of the selected gene in all non-core cell types found within the profiled tissues, allowing comparisons between different cell types within different tissues. An enlarged symbol indicates classification of the gene as cell type enriched in the corresponding cell type.

SINGLE NUCLEI BRAINⁱ

Single nuclei cluster types

RNA brain cluster specificity: Not detected

IMMUNE CELL TYPE EXPRESSION (RNA)ⁱ Blood cell type expression overview shows RNA-seq data from three different sources: Internally generated Human Protein Atlas (HPA) data, as well as data generated by (Monaco et al) and (Schmiedel et al). Color-coding is based on blood cell type lineages, including B-cells, T-cells, NK-cells, monocytes, granulocytes and dendritic cells as well as total PBMC. To access sample data, click on tissue name or bar.
HPA datasetⁱ The resulting transcript expression values calculated as nTPM, resulting from the internal normalization pipeline for 18 immune cell types and total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Lineage Expression Alphabetical Immune cell type specificity: Low immune cell specificity
Monaco datasetⁱ The transcript expression values (nTPM) resulting from the internal normalization pipeline are visualized for 29 blood cell types and total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from Monaco et al. Lineage Expression Alphabetical
Schmiedel datasetⁱ Transcript Per Million (TPM) values are visualized for 15 blood cell types from the Schmiedel et al. dataset. Lineage Expression Alphabetical

EXPRESSION CLUSTERING & CORRELATIONⁱ

SINGLE CELL TYPE

RAD51D is part of cluster 36 Late spermatids - Unknown function with confidenceⁱ 1
427 genes in cluster

Go to interactive expression cluster page

15 nearest neighbours based on single cell RNA expression

Neighbourⁱ Gene name according to HGNC.	Descriptionⁱ Gene description according to HGNC.	Correlationⁱ Correlation between the selected gene and neighboring gene. Correlation is calculated as Spearman correlation in PCA space based on the RNA-seq expression data.	Clusterⁱ ID of the expression cluster of the neighboring gene.
NODAL	Nodal growth differentiation factor	0.7136	36
LOXHD1	Lipoxygenase homology PLAT domains 1	0.6981	36
FNDC8	Fibronectin type III domain containing 8	0.6865	36
TEX26	Testis expressed 26	0.6858	36
C7orf31	Chromosome 7 open reading frame 31	0.6804	36
TMEM191C	Transmembrane protein 191C	0.6786	13
LSM14B	LSM family member 14B	0.6653	36
CEMP1	Cementum protein 1	0.6615	36
NPIPB8	Nuclear pore complex interacting protein family member B8	0.6591	13
SLC38A7	Solute carrier family 38 member 7	0.6586	36
CCDC196	Coiled-coil domain containing 196	0.6549	36
MIEF1	Mitochondrial elongation factor 1	0.6536	13
CCDC169	Coiled-coil domain containing 169	0.6515	36
CCDC188	Coiled-coil domain containing 188	0.6502	36
LRRD1	Leucine rich repeats and death domain containing 1	0.6453	36

IMMUNE CELLS

RAD51D is part of cluster 3 Non-specific - Nuclear processes with confidenceⁱ 0.95
471 genes in cluster

Go to interactive expression cluster page

15 nearest neighbours based on single cell RNA expression

Neighbourⁱ Gene name according to HGNC.	Descriptionⁱ Gene description according to HGNC.	Correlationⁱ Correlation between the selected gene and neighboring gene. Correlation is calculated as Spearman correlation in PCA space based on the RNA-seq expression data.	Clusterⁱ ID of the expression cluster of the neighboring gene.
ZNF501	Zinc finger protein 501	0.9762	3
AP4S1	Adaptor related protein complex 4 subunit sigma 1	0.9762	3
MTR	5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase	0.9762	3
UAP1	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase 1	0.9762	3
RCN2	Reticulocalbin 2	0.9762	3
PPP3CC	Protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit gamma	0.9762	3
ARPC5L	Actin related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5 like	0.9762	3
ZNF764	Zinc finger protein 764	0.9762	3
PYGO2	Pygopus family PHD finger 2	0.9762	3
FANCM	FA complementation group M	0.9524	3
PITHD1	PITH domain containing 1	0.9524	3
ZFP90	ZFP90 zinc finger protein	0.9524	3
CHAF1B	Chromatin assembly factor 1 subunit B	0.9524	3
PLCL2	Phospholipase C like 2	0.9524	3
THAP12	THAP domain containing 12	0.9524	24

Adipocytes	8.7 nTPM
Breast	8.8 nTPM
Adipose tissue	8.7 nTPM

Alveolar cells type 1	7.1 nTPM
Lung	7.1 nTPM

Alveolar cells type 2	9.3 nTPM
Lung	9.3 nTPM

Astrocytes	0.0 nTPM
Brain	0.0 nTPM

B-cells	10.4 nTPM
PBMC	21.6 nTPM
Lung	18.8 nTPM
Liver	14.5 nTPM
Bone marrow	14.4 nTPM
Salivary gland	12.2 nTPM
Thymus	11.3 nTPM
Skin	8.5 nTPM
Lymph node	7.9 nTPM
Esophagus	5.9 nTPM
Spleen	5.6 nTPM
Kidney	5.2 nTPM
Stomach	4.6 nTPM
Adipose tissue	4.5 nTPM

Ciliated cells	3.5 nTPM
Fallopian tube	4.3 nTPM
Lung	4.0 nTPM
Endometrium	3.0 nTPM
Bronchus	2.5 nTPM

Club cells	3.4 nTPM
Lung	4.5 nTPM
Prostate	3.5 nTPM
Bronchus	2.2 nTPM

Endothelial cells	9.2 nTPM
Skeletal muscle	12.6 nTPM
Placenta	11.9 nTPM
Vascular	11.4 nTPM
Breast	11.4 nTPM
Skin	10.9 nTPM
Heart muscle	10.5 nTPM
Ovary	9.6 nTPM
Fallopian tube	9.2 nTPM
Esophagus	8.6 nTPM
Prostate	8.4 nTPM
Salivary gland	8.3 nTPM
Tongue	8.3 nTPM
Lung	8.2 nTPM
Thymus	7.9 nTPM
Testis	7.6 nTPM
Liver	7.6 nTPM
Endometrium	7.4 nTPM
Pancreas	5.2 nTPM

Enteroendocrine cells	4.4 nTPM
Rectum	5.0 nTPM
Colon	4.7 nTPM
Small intestine	3.4 nTPM

Fibroblasts	8.1 nTPM
Lung	11.4 nTPM
Pancreas	10.6 nTPM
Prostate	10.6 nTPM
Stomach	10.1 nTPM
Vascular	9.8 nTPM
Skeletal muscle	9.6 nTPM
Breast	8.9 nTPM
Liver	8.3 nTPM
Adipose tissue	7.7 nTPM
Salivary gland	7.6 nTPM
Thymus	7.5 nTPM
Skin	6.9 nTPM
Esophagus	6.6 nTPM
Placenta	6.1 nTPM
Fallopian tube	4.3 nTPM
Heart muscle	3.3 nTPM

Granulocytes	13.5 nTPM
Lung	17.1 nTPM
Tongue	14.6 nTPM
Fallopian tube	8.8 nTPM

Intestinal goblet cells	4.4 nTPM
Colon	5.2 nTPM
Small intestine	4.1 nTPM
Rectum	3.9 nTPM

Lymphatic endothelial cells	8.8 nTPM
Ovary	10.9 nTPM
Fallopian tube	6.7 nTPM

Macrophages	6.2 nTPM
Salivary gland	11.2 nTPM
Prostate	10.1 nTPM
Testis	9.3 nTPM
Bone marrow	9.1 nTPM
Skeletal muscle	8.3 nTPM
Breast	7.4 nTPM
Tongue	6.8 nTPM
Lung	6.7 nTPM
Vascular	6.5 nTPM
Esophagus	6.4 nTPM
Endometrium	6.1 nTPM
Thymus	6.0 nTPM
Skin	5.6 nTPM
Kidney	5.3 nTPM
Fallopian tube	5.3 nTPM
Adipose tissue	4.2 nTPM
Pancreas	2.1 nTPM
Spleen	2.0 nTPM
Stomach	0.0 nTPM

Paneth cells	2.8 nTPM
Rectum	4.9 nTPM
Colon	3.6 nTPM
Small intestine	0.0 nTPM

Basal respiratory cells	2.6 nTPM
Bronchus	2.6 nTPM

Basal squamous epithelial cells	2.4 nTPM
Esophagus	2.4 nTPM

Bipolar cells	7.3 nTPM
Eye	7.3 nTPM

Cholangiocytes	3.8 nTPM
Liver	3.8 nTPM

Plasma cells	7.9 nTPM
Bone marrow	16.6 nTPM
Thymus	10.7 nTPM
Spleen	10.1 nTPM
Salivary gland	8.5 nTPM
Stomach	6.7 nTPM
Liver	6.5 nTPM
Fallopian tube	4.2 nTPM
Esophagus	0.0 nTPM

Schwann cells	8.0 nTPM
Esophagus	12.0 nTPM
Vascular	9.4 nTPM
Adipose tissue	2.7 nTPM

Serous glandular cells	2.8 nTPM
Salivary gland	5.7 nTPM
Tongue	0.0 nTPM

Smooth muscle cells	8.1 nTPM
Skeletal muscle	10.6 nTPM
Lung	10.6 nTPM
Placenta	10.1 nTPM
Endometrium	9.7 nTPM
Ovary	9.4 nTPM
Liver	9.3 nTPM
Vascular	9.3 nTPM
Breast	8.6 nTPM
Tongue	8.4 nTPM
Adipose tissue	7.1 nTPM
Salivary gland	6.7 nTPM
Skin	6.1 nTPM
Fallopian tube	6.1 nTPM
Esophagus	6.0 nTPM
Thymus	5.8 nTPM
Prostate	5.5 nTPM

T-cells	9.7 nTPM
PBMC	17.2 nTPM
Liver	15.9 nTPM
Prostate	14.8 nTPM
Lung	12.6 nTPM
Kidney	11.5 nTPM
Colon	10.7 nTPM
Skeletal muscle	10.6 nTPM
Vascular	10.1 nTPM
Esophagus	9.7 nTPM
Bone marrow	9.7 nTPM
Salivary gland	9.7 nTPM
Thymus	9.0 nTPM
Breast	8.9 nTPM
Endometrium	8.8 nTPM
Tongue	8.2 nTPM
Lymph node	7.2 nTPM
Stomach	7.2 nTPM
Spleen	6.3 nTPM
Fallopian tube	5.5 nTPM
Skin	4.9 nTPM
Adipose tissue	4.2 nTPM

Undifferentiated cells	8.8 nTPM
Colon	10.5 nTPM
Rectum	8.8 nTPM
Small intestine	7.1 nTPM

Amygdala excitatory	0.1 nTPM
Amygdala	0.2 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	0.2 nTPM
Hippocampus	0.2 nTPM
Basal ganglia	0.1 nTPM
Hypothalamus	0.1 nTPM
Thalamus	0.0 nTPM

Astrocyte	0.2 nTPM
Pons	0.4 nTPM
Basal ganglia	0.3 nTPM
Midbrain	0.3 nTPM
Amygdala	0.2 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	0.2 nTPM
Hippocampus	0.2 nTPM
Hypothalamus	0.2 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	0.2 nTPM
Thalamus	0.2 nTPM
Cerebellum	0.1 nTPM
Spinal cord	0.1 nTPM

Bergmann glia	0.1 nTPM
Cerebellum	0.2 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	0.0 nTPM
Pons	0.0 nTPM

Central nervous system macrophage	0.2 nTPM
Basal ganglia	0.3 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	0.3 nTPM
Amygdala	0.2 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	0.2 nTPM
Hippocampus	0.2 nTPM
Hypothalamus	0.2 nTPM
Midbrain	0.2 nTPM
Thalamus	0.2 nTPM
Cerebellum	0.1 nTPM
Pons	0.1 nTPM
Spinal cord	0.0 nTPM

Cerebellar inhibitory	0.0 nTPM
Cerebellum	0.2 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	0.0 nTPM
Midbrain	0.0 nTPM
Pons	0.0 nTPM
Spinal cord	0.0 nTPM

Cge interneuron	0.2 nTPM
Amygdala	0.3 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	0.3 nTPM
Hippocampus	0.3 nTPM
Basal ganglia	0.2 nTPM
Thalamus	0.2 nTPM
Hypothalamus	0.1 nTPM
Midbrain	0.0 nTPM

Choroid plexus epithelial cell	0.1 nTPM
Basal ganglia	0.1 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	0.1 nTPM
Hippocampus	0.0 nTPM
Thalamus	0.0 nTPM

Committed oligodendrocyte precursor	0.1 nTPM
Pons	0.9 nTPM
Hippocampus	0.3 nTPM
Thalamus	0.2 nTPM
Amygdala	0.0 nTPM
Basal ganglia	0.0 nTPM
Cerebellum	0.0 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	0.0 nTPM
Hypothalamus	0.0 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	0.0 nTPM
Midbrain	0.0 nTPM
Spinal cord	0.0 nTPM

Deep-layer corticothalamic and 6b	0.2 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	0.3 nTPM
Amygdala	0.2 nTPM
Basal ganglia	0.2 nTPM
Hippocampus	0.2 nTPM
Hypothalamus	0.1 nTPM
Midbrain	0.0 nTPM

Deep-layer intratelencephalic	0.2 nTPM
Amygdala	0.2 nTPM
Basal ganglia	0.2 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	0.2 nTPM
Hippocampus	0.2 nTPM
Hypothalamus	0.2 nTPM

Deep-layer near-projecting	0.2 nTPM
Hippocampus	0.7 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	0.2 nTPM
Basal ganglia	0.1 nTPM
Amygdala	0.0 nTPM
Hypothalamus	0.0 nTPM

Eccentric medium spiny neuron	0.2 nTPM
Thalamus	0.3 nTPM
Amygdala	0.2 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	0.2 nTPM
Basal ganglia	0.1 nTPM
Hypothalamus	0.1 nTPM
Hippocampus	0.0 nTPM

Endothelial cell	0.3 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	1.0 nTPM
Basal ganglia	0.9 nTPM
Thalamus	0.6 nTPM
Hippocampus	0.3 nTPM
Amygdala	0.0 nTPM
Cerebellum	0.0 nTPM
Cerebral cortex	0.0 nTPM
Hypothalamus	0.0 nTPM
Midbrain	0.0 nTPM
Pons	0.0 nTPM
Spinal cord	0.0 nTPM

Ependymal cell	0.3 nTPM
Hypothalamus	0.9 nTPM
Midbrain	0.6 nTPM
Medulla oblongata	0.4 nTPM
Pons	0.4 nTPM
Hippocampus	0.1 nTPM
Amygdala	0.0 nTPM
Basal ganglia	0.0 nTPM
Spinal cord	0.0 nTPM
Thalamus	0.0 nTPM