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General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene namei
Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.
Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1
Protein classi
Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).
Disease related genes Human disease related genes Plasma proteins
Predicted locationi
All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.
Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).
The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Chromosome
6
Cytoband
p21.32
Chromosome location (bp)
32577902 - 32589848
Number of transcriptsi
Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.
Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.
A beta chain of antigen-presenting major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) molecule. In complex with the alpha chain HLA-DRA, displays antigenic peptides on professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) for recognition by alpha-beta T cell receptor (TCR) on HLA-DRB1-restricted CD4-positive T cells. This guides antigen-specific T-helper effector functions, both antibody-mediated immune response and macrophage activation, to ultimately eliminate the infectious agents and transformed cells 1,2,3,4,5,6,7. Typically presents extracellular peptide antigens of 10 to 30 amino acids that arise from proteolysis of endocytosed antigens in lysosomes 8. In the tumor microenvironment, presents antigenic peptides that are primarily generated in tumor-resident APCs likely via phagocytosis of apoptotic tumor cells or macropinocytosis of secreted tumor proteins 9. Presents peptides derived from intracellular proteins that are trapped in autolysosomes after macroautophagy, a mechanism especially relevant for T cell selection in the thymus and central immune tolerance 10,11. The selection of the immunodominant epitopes follows two processing modes: 'bind first, cut/trim later' for pathogen-derived antigenic peptides and 'cut first, bind later' for autoantigens/self-peptides 12. The anchor residue at position 1 of the peptide N-terminus, usually a large hydrophobic residue, is essential for high affinity interaction with MHCII molecules 13....show less
Biological process (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they are involved in a particular biological process.
Adaptive immunity, Immunity
Gene summary (Entrez)i
Useful information about the gene from Entrez
HLA-DRB1 belongs to the HLA class II beta chain paralogs. The class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha (DRA) and a beta chain (DRB), both anchored in the membrane. It plays a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from extracellular proteins. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen presenting cells. The beta chain is approximately 26-28 kDa. It is encoded by 6 exons. Exon one encodes the leader peptide; exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains; exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain; and exon 5 encodes the cytoplasmic tail. Within the DR molecule the beta chain contains all the polymorphisms specifying the peptide binding specificities. Hundreds of DRB1 alleles have been described and some alleles have increased frequencies associated with certain diseases or conditions. For example, DRB1*1302 has been related to acute and chronic hepatitis B virus persistence. There are multiple pseudogenes of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2020]...show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The Splice variant identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the Swissprot and TrEMBL columns links to corresponding pages in the UniProt database.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide and number of predicted transmembrane region(s) according to in-house majority decision methods based on sets of predictors are also reported.
P01911 [Direct mapping] HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB1 beta chain
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D7RIH8 [Target identity:100%; Query identity:100%] HLA class II histocompatibility antigen DR beta chain; MHC class I antigen; MHC class II antigen X5DNQ0 [Target identity:100%; Query identity:100%] MHC class II antigen
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Predicted membrane proteins Prediction method-based Membrane proteins predicted by MDM MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins MEMSAT-SVM predicted membrane proteins Phobius predicted membrane proteins SCAMPI predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins THUMBUP predicted membrane proteins TMHMM predicted membrane proteins # TM segments-based 1TM proteins predicted by MDM Plasma proteins Disease related genes Human disease related genes Cardiovascular diseases Cardiac diseases Vascular diseases Endocrine and metabolic diseases Diabetes Immune system diseases Allergies and autoimmune diseases Other immune system diseases Nervous system diseases Other nervous and sensory system diseases Skin diseases Skin and soft tissue diseases Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014) DeepTMHMM predicted membrane proteins
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GO:0000139[Golgi membrane] GO:0001772[immunological synapse] GO:0001916[positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity] GO:0001934[positive regulation of protein phosphorylation] GO:0002250[adaptive immune response] GO:0002376[immune system process] GO:0002437[inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus] GO:0002469[myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation] GO:0002491[antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II] GO:0002503[peptide antigen assembly with MHC class II protein complex] GO:0002504[antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II] GO:0002842[positive regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell] GO:0002862[negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus] GO:0005200[structural constituent of cytoskeleton] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005615[extracellular space] GO:0005764[lysosome] GO:0005765[lysosomal membrane] GO:0005768[endosome] GO:0005783[endoplasmic reticulum] GO:0005789[endoplasmic reticulum membrane] GO:0005882[intermediate filament] GO:0005886[plasma membrane] GO:0006955[immune response] GO:0006959[humoral immune response] GO:0007010[cytoskeleton organization] GO:0007165[signal transduction] GO:0008544[epidermis development] GO:0009897[external side of plasma membrane] GO:0009986[cell surface] GO:0010008[endosome membrane] GO:0012507[ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane] GO:0016020[membrane] GO:0016045[detection of bacterium] GO:0019882[antigen processing and presentation] GO:0019886[antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II] GO:0023026[MHC class II protein complex binding] GO:0030225[macrophage differentiation] GO:0030247[polysaccharide binding] GO:0030658[transport vesicle membrane] GO:0030666[endocytic vesicle membrane] GO:0030669[clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane] GO:0031410[cytoplasmic vesicle] GO:0031902[late endosome membrane] GO:0032395[MHC class II receptor activity] GO:0032588[trans-Golgi network membrane] GO:0032653[regulation of interleukin-10 production] GO:0032673[regulation of interleukin-4 production] GO:0032689[negative regulation of interferon-gamma production] GO:0032831[positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation] GO:0033674[positive regulation of kinase activity] GO:0035774[positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus] GO:0042088[T-helper 1 type immune response] GO:0042130[negative regulation of T cell proliferation] GO:0042605[peptide antigen binding] GO:0042608[T cell receptor binding] GO:0042609[CD4 receptor binding] GO:0042613[MHC class II protein complex] GO:0043123[positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:0043382[positive regulation of memory T cell differentiation] GO:0043410[positive regulation of MAPK cascade] GO:0045622[regulation of T-helper cell differentiation] GO:0045657[positive regulation of monocyte differentiation] GO:0045893[positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription] GO:0046598[positive regulation of viral entry into host cell] GO:0050852[T cell receptor signaling pathway] GO:0050870[positive regulation of T cell activation] GO:0051262[protein tetramerization] GO:0070062[extracellular exosome] GO:0070374[positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade] GO:0098553[lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane] GO:2000516[positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation]
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
