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General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene namei
Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.
Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).
Enzymes FDA approved drug targets Metabolic proteins
Predicted locationi
All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.
Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).
The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Chromosome
5
Cytoband
q31.3
Chromosome location (bp)
141620876 - 141636849
Number of transcriptsi
Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.
Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.
Histone deacetylase that catalyzes the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4), and some other non-histone substrates 1,2,3,4,5,6,7. Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events 8. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes 9. Participates in the BCL6 transcriptional repressor activity by deacetylating the H3 'Lys-27' (H3K27) on enhancer elements, antagonizing EP300 acetyltransferase activity and repressing proximal gene expression 10. Acts as a molecular chaperone for shuttling phosphorylated NR2C1 to PML bodies for sumoylation (By similarity). Contributes, together with XBP1 isoform 1, to the activation of NFE2L2-mediated HMOX1 transcription factor gene expression in a PI(3)K/mTORC2/Akt-dependent signaling pathway leading to endothelial cell (EC) survival under disturbed flow/oxidative stress 11. Regulates both the transcriptional activation and repression phases of the circadian clock in a deacetylase activity-independent manner (By similarity). During the activation phase, promotes the accumulation of ubiquitinated BMAL1 at the E-boxes and during the repression phase, blocks FBXL3-mediated CRY1/2 ubiquitination and promotes the interaction of CRY1 and BMAL1 (By similarity). The NCOR1-HDAC3 complex regulates the circadian expression of the core clock gene BMAL1 and the genes involved in lipid metabolism in the liver (By similarity). Also functions as a deacetylase for non-histone targets, such as KAT5, MEF2D, MAPK14, RARA and STAT3 12,13,14,15,16. Serves as a corepressor of RARA, mediating its deacetylation and repression, leading to inhibition of RARE DNA element binding 17. In association with RARA, plays a role in the repression of microRNA-10a and thereby in the inflammatory response 18. In addition to protein deacetylase activity, also acts as a protein-lysine deacylase by recognizing other acyl groups: catalyzes removal of (2E)-butenoyl (crotonyl) and 2-hydroxyisobutanoyl (2-hydroxyisobutyryl) acyl groups from lysine residues, leading to protein decrotonylation and de-2-hydroxyisobutyrylation, respectively 19,20,21. Catalyzes decrotonylation of MAPRE1/EB1 22....show less
Molecular function (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.
Chromatin regulator, Hydrolase, Repressor
Biological process (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they are involved in a particular biological process.
Histones play a critical role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, and developmental events. Histone acetylation/deacetylation alters chromosome structure and affects transcription factor access to DNA. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the histone deacetylase/acuc/apha family. It has histone deacetylase activity and represses transcription when tethered to a promoter. It may participate in the regulation of transcription through its binding with the zinc-finger transcription factor YY1. This protein can also down-regulate p53 function and thus modulate cell growth and apoptosis. This gene is regarded as a potential tumor suppressor gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]...show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The Splice variant identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the Swissprot and TrEMBL columns links to corresponding pages in the UniProt database.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide and number of predicted transmembrane region(s) according to in-house majority decision methods based on sets of predictors are also reported.
Enzymes ENZYME proteins Hydrolases Metabolic proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC FDA approved drug targets Small molecule drugs Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0000118[histone deacetylase complex] GO:0000122[negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0001222[transcription corepressor binding] GO:0001701[in utero embryonic development] GO:0001934[positive regulation of protein phosphorylation] GO:0003677[DNA binding] GO:0003682[chromatin binding] GO:0003714[transcription corepressor activity] GO:0004407[histone deacetylase activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005654[nucleoplasm] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005794[Golgi apparatus] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0005886[plasma membrane] GO:0006325[chromatin organization] GO:0006357[regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0006366[transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0006476[protein deacetylation] GO:0007346[regulation of mitotic cell cycle] GO:0008544[epidermis development] GO:0010467[gene expression] GO:0016575[histone deacetylation] GO:0016787[hydrolase activity] GO:0017053[transcription repressor complex] GO:0019899[enzyme binding] GO:0030332[cyclin binding] GO:0031398[positive regulation of protein ubiquitination] GO:0031490[chromatin DNA binding] GO:0031647[regulation of protein stability] GO:0032008[positive regulation of TOR signaling] GO:0032922[circadian regulation of gene expression] GO:0033558[protein lysine deacetylase activity] GO:0040014[regulation of multicellular organism growth] GO:0042307[positive regulation of protein import into nucleus] GO:0042752[regulation of circadian rhythm] GO:0042826[histone deacetylase binding] GO:0043066[negative regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0043433[negative regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity] GO:0045892[negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription] GO:0045944[positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0046329[negative regulation of JNK cascade] GO:0048511[rhythmic process] GO:0051059[NF-kappaB binding] GO:0051225[spindle assembly] GO:0061436[establishment of skin barrier] GO:0070933[histone H4 deacetylation] GO:0071498[cellular response to fluid shear stress] GO:0072686[mitotic spindle] GO:0120162[positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis] GO:0140297[DNA-binding transcription factor binding] GO:0160008[protein decrotonylase activity] GO:0160009[histone decrotonylase activity] GO:0160010[protein de-2-hydroxyisobutyrylase activity] GO:1903575[cornified envelope assembly] GO:1990679[histone H4-K12 deacetylation] GO:2000726[negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation]
Metabolic proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
