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General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene namei
Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.
Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).
Disease related genes Metabolic proteins Plasma proteins
Predicted locationi
All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.
Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).
The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Chromosome
3
Cytoband
q21.1
Chromosome location (bp)
122527924 - 122564577
Number of transcriptsi
Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.
Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.
ADP-ribosyltransferase which, in association with E3 ligase DTX3L, plays a role in DNA damage repair and in immune responses including interferon-mediated antiviral defenses 1,2,3,4. Within the complex, enhances DTX3L E3 ligase activity which is further enhanced by PARP9 binding to poly(ADP-ribose) 5. In association with DTX3L and in presence of E1 and E2 enzymes, mediates NAD(+)-dependent mono-ADP-ribosylation of ubiquitin which prevents ubiquitin conjugation to substrates such as histones 6. During DNA repair, PARP1 recruits PARP9/BAL1-DTX3L complex to DNA damage sites via PARP9 binding to ribosylated PARP1 7. Subsequent PARP1-dependent PARP9/BAL1-DTX3L-mediated ubiquitination promotes the rapid and specific recruitment of 53BP1/TP53BP1, UIMC1/RAP80, and BRCA1 to DNA damage sites 8,9. In response to DNA damage, PARP9-DTX3L complex is required for efficient non-homologous end joining (NHEJ); the complex function is negatively modulated by PARP9 activity 10. Dispensable for B-cell receptor (BCR) assembly through V(D)J recombination and class switch recombination (CSR) (By similarity). In macrophages, positively regulates pro-inflammatory cytokines production in response to IFNG stimulation by suppressing PARP14-mediated STAT1 ADP-ribosylation and thus promoting STAT1 phosphorylation 11. Also suppresses PARP14-mediated STAT6 ADP-ribosylation 12....show less
Molecular function (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they are involved in a particular biological process.
Antiviral defense, DNA damage, DNA repair, Immunity, Innate immunity
Ligand (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they bind, are associated with, or whose activity is dependent of some molecule.
NAD
Gene summary (Entrez)i
Useful information about the gene from Entrez
Enables several functions, including ADP-D-ribose binding activity; NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity; and STAT family protein binding activity. Involved in several processes, including positive regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process; regulation of defense response; and regulation of gene expression. Located in several cellular components, including mitochondrion; nucleoplasm; and site of DNA damage. Part of protein-containing complex. Colocalizes with nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]...show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The Splice variant identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the Swissprot and TrEMBL columns links to corresponding pages in the UniProt database.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide and number of predicted transmembrane region(s) according to in-house majority decision methods based on sets of predictors are also reported.
Q8IXQ6 [Direct mapping] Protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP9
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Metabolic proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Phobius predicted secreted proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Plasma proteins Disease related genes Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0000077[DNA damage checkpoint signaling] GO:0000122[negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0002230[positive regulation of defense response to virus by host] GO:0002376[immune system process] GO:0003714[transcription corepressor activity] GO:0003950[NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity] GO:0004857[enzyme inhibitor activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005654[nucleoplasm] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005739[mitochondrion] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0006281[DNA repair] GO:0006302[double-strand break repair] GO:0006974[cellular response to DNA damage stimulus] GO:0010608[post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression] GO:0010629[negative regulation of gene expression] GO:0016020[membrane] GO:0016477[cell migration] GO:0016740[transferase activity] GO:0016757[glycosyltransferase activity] GO:0016779[nucleotidyltransferase activity] GO:0019082[viral protein processing] GO:0019899[enzyme binding] GO:0032991[protein-containing complex] GO:0034356[NAD biosynthesis via nicotinamide riboside salvage pathway] GO:0035563[positive regulation of chromatin binding] GO:0042393[histone binding] GO:0042531[positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein] GO:0043086[negative regulation of catalytic activity] GO:0044389[ubiquitin-like protein ligase binding] GO:0045087[innate immune response] GO:0045893[positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription] GO:0051607[defense response to virus] GO:0060330[regulation of response to interferon-gamma] GO:0060335[positive regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0072570[ADP-D-ribose binding] GO:0090734[site of DNA damage] GO:0097677[STAT family protein binding] GO:0140802[NAD+-protein-C-terminal glycine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity] GO:1900182[positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus] GO:1990404[NAD+-protein ADP-ribosyltransferase activity]
Q8IXQ6 [Direct mapping] Protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP9
Show all
Metabolic proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Plasma proteins Disease related genes Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000077[DNA damage checkpoint signaling] GO:0000122[negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0002230[positive regulation of defense response to virus by host] GO:0002376[immune system process] GO:0003714[transcription corepressor activity] GO:0003950[NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity] GO:0004857[enzyme inhibitor activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005654[nucleoplasm] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005739[mitochondrion] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0006281[DNA repair] GO:0006302[double-strand break repair] GO:0006974[cellular response to DNA damage stimulus] GO:0010608[post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression] GO:0010629[negative regulation of gene expression] GO:0016020[membrane] GO:0016477[cell migration] GO:0016740[transferase activity] GO:0016757[glycosyltransferase activity] GO:0016779[nucleotidyltransferase activity] GO:0019082[viral protein processing] GO:0019899[enzyme binding] GO:0032991[protein-containing complex] GO:0034356[NAD biosynthesis via nicotinamide riboside salvage pathway] GO:0035563[positive regulation of chromatin binding] GO:0042393[histone binding] GO:0042531[positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein] GO:0043086[negative regulation of catalytic activity] GO:0044389[ubiquitin-like protein ligase binding] GO:0045087[innate immune response] GO:0045893[positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription] GO:0051607[defense response to virus] GO:0060330[regulation of response to interferon-gamma] GO:0060335[positive regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0072570[ADP-D-ribose binding] GO:0090734[site of DNA damage] GO:0097677[STAT family protein binding] GO:0140802[NAD+-protein-C-terminal glycine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity] GO:1900182[positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus] GO:1990404[NAD+-protein ADP-ribosyltransferase activity]
Q8IXQ6 [Direct mapping] Protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP9
Show all
Metabolic proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Plasma proteins Disease related genes Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000077[DNA damage checkpoint signaling] GO:0000122[negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0002230[positive regulation of defense response to virus by host] GO:0002376[immune system process] GO:0003714[transcription corepressor activity] GO:0003950[NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity] GO:0004857[enzyme inhibitor activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005654[nucleoplasm] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005739[mitochondrion] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0006281[DNA repair] GO:0006302[double-strand break repair] GO:0006974[cellular response to DNA damage stimulus] GO:0010608[post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression] GO:0010629[negative regulation of gene expression] GO:0016020[membrane] GO:0016477[cell migration] GO:0016740[transferase activity] GO:0016757[glycosyltransferase activity] GO:0016779[nucleotidyltransferase activity] GO:0019082[viral protein processing] GO:0019899[enzyme binding] GO:0032991[protein-containing complex] GO:0034356[NAD biosynthesis via nicotinamide riboside salvage pathway] GO:0035563[positive regulation of chromatin binding] GO:0042393[histone binding] GO:0042531[positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein] GO:0043086[negative regulation of catalytic activity] GO:0044389[ubiquitin-like protein ligase binding] GO:0045087[innate immune response] GO:0045893[positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription] GO:0051607[defense response to virus] GO:0060330[regulation of response to interferon-gamma] GO:0060335[positive regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0072570[ADP-D-ribose binding] GO:0090734[site of DNA damage] GO:0097677[STAT family protein binding] GO:0140802[NAD+-protein-C-terminal glycine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity] GO:1900182[positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus] GO:1990404[NAD+-protein ADP-ribosyltransferase activity]
Q8IXQ6 [Direct mapping] Protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP9
Show all
Metabolic proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Plasma proteins Disease related genes Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000077[DNA damage checkpoint signaling] GO:0000122[negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0002230[positive regulation of defense response to virus by host] GO:0002376[immune system process] GO:0003714[transcription corepressor activity] GO:0003950[NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity] GO:0004857[enzyme inhibitor activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005654[nucleoplasm] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005739[mitochondrion] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0006281[DNA repair] GO:0006302[double-strand break repair] GO:0006974[cellular response to DNA damage stimulus] GO:0010608[post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression] GO:0010629[negative regulation of gene expression] GO:0016020[membrane] GO:0016477[cell migration] GO:0016740[transferase activity] GO:0016757[glycosyltransferase activity] GO:0016779[nucleotidyltransferase activity] GO:0019082[viral protein processing] GO:0019899[enzyme binding] GO:0032991[protein-containing complex] GO:0034356[NAD biosynthesis via nicotinamide riboside salvage pathway] GO:0035563[positive regulation of chromatin binding] GO:0042393[histone binding] GO:0042531[positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein] GO:0043086[negative regulation of catalytic activity] GO:0044389[ubiquitin-like protein ligase binding] GO:0045087[innate immune response] GO:0045893[positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription] GO:0051607[defense response to virus] GO:0060330[regulation of response to interferon-gamma] GO:0060335[positive regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0072570[ADP-D-ribose binding] GO:0090734[site of DNA damage] GO:0097677[STAT family protein binding] GO:0140802[NAD+-protein-C-terminal glycine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity] GO:1900182[positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus] GO:1990404[NAD+-protein ADP-ribosyltransferase activity]
Q8IXQ6 [Direct mapping] Protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP9
Show all
Metabolic proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Plasma proteins Disease related genes Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000077[DNA damage checkpoint signaling] GO:0000122[negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0002230[positive regulation of defense response to virus by host] GO:0002376[immune system process] GO:0003714[transcription corepressor activity] GO:0003950[NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity] GO:0004857[enzyme inhibitor activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005654[nucleoplasm] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005739[mitochondrion] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0006281[DNA repair] GO:0006302[double-strand break repair] GO:0006974[cellular response to DNA damage stimulus] GO:0010608[post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression] GO:0010629[negative regulation of gene expression] GO:0016020[membrane] GO:0016477[cell migration] GO:0016740[transferase activity] GO:0016757[glycosyltransferase activity] GO:0016779[nucleotidyltransferase activity] GO:0019082[viral protein processing] GO:0019899[enzyme binding] GO:0032991[protein-containing complex] GO:0034356[NAD biosynthesis via nicotinamide riboside salvage pathway] GO:0035563[positive regulation of chromatin binding] GO:0042393[histone binding] GO:0042531[positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein] GO:0043086[negative regulation of catalytic activity] GO:0044389[ubiquitin-like protein ligase binding] GO:0045087[innate immune response] GO:0045893[positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription] GO:0051607[defense response to virus] GO:0060330[regulation of response to interferon-gamma] GO:0060335[positive regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0072570[ADP-D-ribose binding] GO:0090734[site of DNA damage] GO:0097677[STAT family protein binding] GO:0140802[NAD+-protein-C-terminal glycine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity] GO:1900182[positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus] GO:1990404[NAD+-protein ADP-ribosyltransferase activity]
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
