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General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene namei
Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.
Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).
Cancer-related genes Disease related genes Human disease related genes
Predicted locationi
All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.
Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).
The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Chromosome
12
Cytoband
p13.32
Chromosome location (bp)
4269771 - 4305353
Number of transcriptsi
Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.
Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.
Regulatory component of the cyclin D2-CDK4 (DC) complex that phosphorylates and inhibits members of the retinoblastoma (RB) protein family including RB1 and regulates the cell-cycle during G(1)/S transition 1,2. Phosphorylation of RB1 allows dissociation of the transcription factor E2F from the RB/E2F complex and the subsequent transcription of E2F target genes which are responsible for the progression through the G(1) phase 3,4. Hypophosphorylates RB1 in early G(1) phase 5,6. Cyclin D-CDK4 complexes are major integrators of various mitogenenic and antimitogenic signals 7,8....show less
Molecular function (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.
Cyclin
Biological process (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they are involved in a particular biological process.
Cell cycle, Cell division
Gene summary (Entrez)i
Useful information about the gene from Entrez
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. Cyclins function as regulators of CDK kinases. Different cyclins exhibit distinct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. This cyclin forms a complex with CDK4 or CDK6 and functions as a regulatory subunit of the complex, whose activity is required for cell cycle G1/S transition. This protein has been shown to interact with and be involved in the phosphorylation of tumor suppressor protein Rb. Knockout studies of the homologous gene in mouse suggest the essential roles of this gene in ovarian granulosa and germ cell proliferation. High level expression of this gene was observed in ovarian and testicular tumors. Mutations in this gene are associated with megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-polydactyly-hydrocephalus syndrome 3 (MPPH3). [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]...show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The Splice variant identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the Swissprot and TrEMBL columns links to corresponding pages in the UniProt database.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide and number of predicted transmembrane region(s) according to in-house majority decision methods based on sets of predictors are also reported.
SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers COSMIC somatic mutations in cancer genes COSMIC Somatic Mutations COSMIC Translocations Disease related genes Human disease related genes Cancers Cancers of male genital organs Congenital malformations Other congenital malformations Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0000079[regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity] GO:0000082[G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle] GO:0000307[cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex] GO:0000785[chromatin] GO:0001934[positive regulation of protein phosphorylation] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005654[nucleoplasm] GO:0005730[nucleolus] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0007049[cell cycle] GO:0007616[long-term memory] GO:0008284[positive regulation of cell population proliferation] GO:0008344[adult locomotory behavior] GO:0016020[membrane] GO:0016538[cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase regulator activity] GO:0019901[protein kinase binding] GO:0031965[nuclear membrane] GO:0043066[negative regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0044772[mitotic cell cycle phase transition] GO:0045737[positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity] GO:0051301[cell division] GO:0051726[regulation of cell cycle] GO:0071481[cellular response to X-ray] GO:0097129[cyclin D2-CDK4 complex] GO:1900087[positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle]
SCAMPI predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Cancer-related genes COSMIC somatic mutations in cancer genes COSMIC Somatic Mutations COSMIC Translocations Human disease related genes Cancers Cancers of male genital organs Congenital malformations Other congenital malformations Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers COSMIC somatic mutations in cancer genes COSMIC Somatic Mutations COSMIC Translocations Disease related genes Human disease related genes Cancers Cancers of male genital organs Congenital malformations Other congenital malformations Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0000079[regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity] GO:0000082[G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle] GO:0000307[cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex] GO:0000785[chromatin] GO:0001934[positive regulation of protein phosphorylation] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005654[nucleoplasm] GO:0005730[nucleolus] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0007049[cell cycle] GO:0008284[positive regulation of cell population proliferation] GO:0016020[membrane] GO:0016538[cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase regulator activity] GO:0019901[protein kinase binding] GO:0031965[nuclear membrane] GO:0043066[negative regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0044772[mitotic cell cycle phase transition] GO:0045737[positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity] GO:0051301[cell division] GO:0097129[cyclin D2-CDK4 complex] GO:1900087[positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle]
SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers COSMIC somatic mutations in cancer genes COSMIC Somatic Mutations COSMIC Translocations Disease related genes Human disease related genes Cancers Cancers of male genital organs Congenital malformations Other congenital malformations Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000079[regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity] GO:0000082[G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle] GO:0000307[cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex] GO:0000785[chromatin] GO:0001934[positive regulation of protein phosphorylation] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005654[nucleoplasm] GO:0005730[nucleolus] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0007049[cell cycle] GO:0008284[positive regulation of cell population proliferation] GO:0016020[membrane] GO:0016538[cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase regulator activity] GO:0019901[protein kinase binding] GO:0031965[nuclear membrane] GO:0043066[negative regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0044772[mitotic cell cycle phase transition] GO:0045737[positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity] GO:0051301[cell division] GO:0097129[cyclin D2-CDK4 complex] GO:1900087[positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle]
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
