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General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene namei
Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.
Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).
Transcription factors
Predicted locationi
All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.
Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).
The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Chromosome
2
Cytoband
q31.1
Chromosome location (bp)
175072250 - 175168382
Number of transcriptsi
Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.
Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.
Transcriptional activator which regulates the transcription of various genes, including those involved in anti-apoptosis, cell growth, and DNA damage response. Dependent on its binding partner, binds to CRE (cAMP response element) consensus sequences (5'-TGACGTCA-3') or to AP-1 (activator protein 1) consensus sequences (5'-TGACTCA-3'). In the nucleus, contributes to global transcription and the DNA damage response, in addition to specific transcriptional activities that are related to cell development, proliferation and death. In the cytoplasm, interacts with and perturbs HK1- and VDAC1-containing complexes at the mitochondrial outer membrane, thereby impairing mitochondrial membrane potential, inducing mitochondrial leakage and promoting cell death. The phosphorylated form (mediated by ATM) plays a role in the DNA damage response and is involved in the ionizing radiation (IR)-induced S phase checkpoint control and in the recruitment of the MRN complex into the IR-induced foci (IRIF). Exhibits histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity which specifically acetylates histones H2B and H4 in vitro 1. In concert with CUL3 and RBX1, promotes the degradation of KAT5 thereby attenuating its ability to acetylate and activate ATM. Can elicit oncogenic or tumor suppressor activities depending on the tissue or cell type....show less
Molecular function (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.
Activator, DNA-binding
Biological process (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they are involved in a particular biological process.
DNA damage, Transcription, Transcription regulation
Ligand (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they bind, are associated with, or whose activity is dependent of some molecule.
Metal-binding, Zinc
Gene summary (Entrez)i
Useful information about the gene from Entrez
This gene encodes a transcription factor that is a member of the leucine zipper family of DNA binding proteins. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions This protein binds to the cAMP-responsive element (CRE), an octameric palindrome. It forms a homodimer or a heterodimer with c-Jun and stimulates CRE-dependent transcription. This protein is also a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) that specifically acetylates histones H2B and H4 in vitro; thus it may represent a class of sequence-specific factors that activate transcription by direct effects on chromatin components. The encoded protein may also be involved in cell's DNA damage response independent of its role in transcriptional regulation. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]...show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The Splice variant identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the Swissprot and TrEMBL columns links to corresponding pages in the UniProt database.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide and number of predicted transmembrane region(s) according to in-house majority decision methods based on sets of predictors are also reported.
Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Transcription factors Basic domains Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0000122[negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0000165[MAPK cascade] GO:0000785[chromatin] GO:0000977[RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0000978[RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0000981[DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific] GO:0000987[cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0001228[DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific] GO:0001701[in utero embryonic development] GO:0001865[NK T cell differentiation] GO:0001889[liver development] GO:0001934[positive regulation of protein phosphorylation] GO:0002244[hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation] GO:0003151[outflow tract morphogenesis] GO:0003360[brainstem development] GO:0003418[growth plate cartilage chondrocyte differentiation] GO:0003419[growth plate cartilage chondrocyte proliferation] GO:0003677[DNA binding] GO:0003682[chromatin binding] GO:0003700[DNA-binding transcription factor activity] GO:0004402[histone acetyltransferase activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005654[nucleoplasm] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005739[mitochondrion] GO:0005741[mitochondrial outer membrane] GO:0006355[regulation of DNA-templated transcription] GO:0006357[regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0006606[protein import into nucleus] GO:0006915[apoptotic process] GO:0006970[response to osmotic stress] GO:0006974[cellular response to DNA damage stimulus] GO:0007033[vacuole organization] GO:0007254[JNK cascade] GO:0007507[heart development] GO:0008140[cAMP response element binding protein binding] GO:0009414[response to water deprivation] GO:0010467[gene expression] GO:0010485[histone H4 acetyltransferase activity] GO:0010628[positive regulation of gene expression] GO:0014070[response to organic cyclic compound] GO:0016020[membrane] GO:0016525[negative regulation of angiogenesis] GO:0016602[CCAAT-binding factor complex] GO:0018107[peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation] GO:0019901[protein kinase binding] GO:0021742[abducens nucleus development] GO:0021743[hypoglossal nucleus development] GO:0021754[facial nucleus development] GO:0030509[BMP signaling pathway] GO:0031573[mitotic intra-S DNA damage checkpoint signaling] GO:0032915[positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta2 production] GO:0034599[cellular response to oxidative stress] GO:0035497[cAMP response element binding] GO:0035861[site of double-strand break] GO:0038066[p38MAPK cascade] GO:0042789[mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0042802[identical protein binding] GO:0042803[protein homodimerization activity] GO:0043522[leucine zipper domain binding] GO:0043525[positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process] GO:0043565[sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0043967[histone H4 acetylation] GO:0043969[histone H2B acetylation] GO:0044013[H2B histone acetyltransferase activity] GO:0044255[cellular lipid metabolic process] GO:0044877[protein-containing complex binding] GO:0045815[transcriptional initiation-coupled chromatin remodeling] GO:0045944[positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0046872[metal ion binding] GO:0046982[protein heterodimerization activity] GO:0050680[negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation] GO:0050872[white fat cell differentiation] GO:0051091[positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity] GO:0060052[neurofilament cytoskeleton organization] GO:0060245[detection of cell density] GO:0060612[adipose tissue development] GO:0061629[RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding] GO:0072740[cellular response to anisomycin] GO:0090575[RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex] GO:0097049[motor neuron apoptotic process] GO:0097186[amelogenesis] GO:0097284[hepatocyte apoptotic process] GO:0098586[cellular response to virus] GO:0110024[positive regulation of cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation] GO:1901522[positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus] GO:1902110[positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic process] GO:1902562[H4 histone acetyltransferase complex] GO:1902742[apoptotic process involved in development] GO:1990144[intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hypoxia] GO:1990253[cellular response to leucine starvation] GO:1990837[sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding] GO:1990841[promoter-specific chromatin binding]
Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Transcription factors Basic domains Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0000122[negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0000785[chromatin] GO:0000977[RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0000978[RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0000981[DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific] GO:0000987[cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0001228[DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific] GO:0003677[DNA binding] GO:0003700[DNA-binding transcription factor activity] GO:0004402[histone acetyltransferase activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005654[nucleoplasm] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005739[mitochondrion] GO:0005741[mitochondrial outer membrane] GO:0006355[regulation of DNA-templated transcription] GO:0006357[regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0006970[response to osmotic stress] GO:0006974[cellular response to DNA damage stimulus] GO:0008140[cAMP response element binding protein binding] GO:0010485[histone H4 acetyltransferase activity] GO:0010628[positive regulation of gene expression] GO:0016020[membrane] GO:0016525[negative regulation of angiogenesis] GO:0018107[peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation] GO:0019901[protein kinase binding] GO:0031573[mitotic intra-S DNA damage checkpoint signaling] GO:0035497[cAMP response element binding] GO:0035861[site of double-strand break] GO:0042802[identical protein binding] GO:0044013[H2B histone acetyltransferase activity] GO:0045815[transcriptional initiation-coupled chromatin remodeling] GO:0045944[positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0046872[metal ion binding] GO:0051091[positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity] GO:0061629[RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding] GO:0090575[RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex] GO:0110024[positive regulation of cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation] GO:1902110[positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic process] GO:1902562[H4 histone acetyltransferase complex] GO:1990253[cellular response to leucine starvation] GO:1990837[sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding] GO:1990841[promoter-specific chromatin binding]
Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Transcription factors Basic domains Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0000122[negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0000785[chromatin] GO:0000977[RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0000978[RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0000981[DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific] GO:0000987[cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0001228[DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific] GO:0003677[DNA binding] GO:0003700[DNA-binding transcription factor activity] GO:0004402[histone acetyltransferase activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005654[nucleoplasm] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005739[mitochondrion] GO:0005741[mitochondrial outer membrane] GO:0006355[regulation of DNA-templated transcription] GO:0006357[regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0006970[response to osmotic stress] GO:0006974[cellular response to DNA damage stimulus] GO:0008140[cAMP response element binding protein binding] GO:0010485[histone H4 acetyltransferase activity] GO:0010628[positive regulation of gene expression] GO:0016020[membrane] GO:0016525[negative regulation of angiogenesis] GO:0018107[peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation] GO:0019901[protein kinase binding] GO:0031573[mitotic intra-S DNA damage checkpoint signaling] GO:0035497[cAMP response element binding] GO:0035861[site of double-strand break] GO:0042802[identical protein binding] GO:0044013[H2B histone acetyltransferase activity] GO:0045815[transcriptional initiation-coupled chromatin remodeling] GO:0045944[positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0046872[metal ion binding] GO:0051091[positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity] GO:0061629[RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding] GO:0090575[RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex] GO:0110024[positive regulation of cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation] GO:1902110[positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic process] GO:1902562[H4 histone acetyltransferase complex] GO:1990253[cellular response to leucine starvation] GO:1990837[sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding] GO:1990841[promoter-specific chromatin binding]
Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Transcription factors Basic domains Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000122[negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0000785[chromatin] GO:0000977[RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0000978[RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0000981[DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific] GO:0000987[cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0001228[DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific] GO:0003677[DNA binding] GO:0003700[DNA-binding transcription factor activity] GO:0004402[histone acetyltransferase activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005654[nucleoplasm] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005739[mitochondrion] GO:0005741[mitochondrial outer membrane] GO:0006355[regulation of DNA-templated transcription] GO:0006357[regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0006970[response to osmotic stress] GO:0006974[cellular response to DNA damage stimulus] GO:0008140[cAMP response element binding protein binding] GO:0010485[histone H4 acetyltransferase activity] GO:0010628[positive regulation of gene expression] GO:0016020[membrane] GO:0016525[negative regulation of angiogenesis] GO:0018107[peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation] GO:0019901[protein kinase binding] GO:0031573[mitotic intra-S DNA damage checkpoint signaling] GO:0035497[cAMP response element binding] GO:0035861[site of double-strand break] GO:0042802[identical protein binding] GO:0044013[H2B histone acetyltransferase activity] GO:0045815[transcriptional initiation-coupled chromatin remodeling] GO:0045944[positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0046872[metal ion binding] GO:0051091[positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity] GO:0061629[RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding] GO:0090575[RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex] GO:0110024[positive regulation of cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation] GO:1902110[positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic process] GO:1902562[H4 histone acetyltransferase complex] GO:1990253[cellular response to leucine starvation] GO:1990837[sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding] GO:1990841[promoter-specific chromatin binding]
Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Transcription factors Basic domains Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000122[negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0000785[chromatin] GO:0000977[RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0000978[RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0000981[DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific] GO:0000987[cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0001228[DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific] GO:0003677[DNA binding] GO:0003700[DNA-binding transcription factor activity] GO:0004402[histone acetyltransferase activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005654[nucleoplasm] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005739[mitochondrion] GO:0005741[mitochondrial outer membrane] GO:0006355[regulation of DNA-templated transcription] GO:0006357[regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0006970[response to osmotic stress] GO:0006974[cellular response to DNA damage stimulus] GO:0008140[cAMP response element binding protein binding] GO:0010485[histone H4 acetyltransferase activity] GO:0010628[positive regulation of gene expression] GO:0016020[membrane] GO:0016525[negative regulation of angiogenesis] GO:0018107[peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation] GO:0019901[protein kinase binding] GO:0031573[mitotic intra-S DNA damage checkpoint signaling] GO:0035497[cAMP response element binding] GO:0035861[site of double-strand break] GO:0042802[identical protein binding] GO:0044013[H2B histone acetyltransferase activity] GO:0045815[transcriptional initiation-coupled chromatin remodeling] GO:0045944[positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0046872[metal ion binding] GO:0051091[positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity] GO:0061629[RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding] GO:0090575[RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex] GO:0110024[positive regulation of cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation] GO:1902110[positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic process] GO:1902562[H4 histone acetyltransferase complex] GO:1990253[cellular response to leucine starvation] GO:1990837[sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding] GO:1990841[promoter-specific chromatin binding]
Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Transcription factors Basic domains Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000122[negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0000785[chromatin] GO:0000977[RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0000978[RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0000981[DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific] GO:0000987[cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0001228[DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific] GO:0003677[DNA binding] GO:0003700[DNA-binding transcription factor activity] GO:0004402[histone acetyltransferase activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005654[nucleoplasm] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005739[mitochondrion] GO:0005741[mitochondrial outer membrane] GO:0006355[regulation of DNA-templated transcription] GO:0006357[regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0006970[response to osmotic stress] GO:0006974[cellular response to DNA damage stimulus] GO:0008140[cAMP response element binding protein binding] GO:0010485[histone H4 acetyltransferase activity] GO:0010628[positive regulation of gene expression] GO:0016020[membrane] GO:0016525[negative regulation of angiogenesis] GO:0018107[peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation] GO:0019901[protein kinase binding] GO:0031573[mitotic intra-S DNA damage checkpoint signaling] GO:0035497[cAMP response element binding] GO:0035861[site of double-strand break] GO:0042802[identical protein binding] GO:0044013[H2B histone acetyltransferase activity] GO:0045815[transcriptional initiation-coupled chromatin remodeling] GO:0045944[positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0046872[metal ion binding] GO:0051091[positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity] GO:0061629[RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding] GO:0090575[RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex] GO:0110024[positive regulation of cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation] GO:1902110[positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic process] GO:1902562[H4 histone acetyltransferase complex] GO:1990253[cellular response to leucine starvation] GO:1990837[sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding] GO:1990841[promoter-specific chromatin binding]
Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Transcription factors Basic domains Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000122[negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0000785[chromatin] GO:0000977[RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0000978[RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0000981[DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific] GO:0000987[cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0001228[DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific] GO:0003677[DNA binding] GO:0003700[DNA-binding transcription factor activity] GO:0004402[histone acetyltransferase activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005654[nucleoplasm] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005739[mitochondrion] GO:0005741[mitochondrial outer membrane] GO:0006355[regulation of DNA-templated transcription] GO:0006357[regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0006970[response to osmotic stress] GO:0006974[cellular response to DNA damage stimulus] GO:0008140[cAMP response element binding protein binding] GO:0010485[histone H4 acetyltransferase activity] GO:0010628[positive regulation of gene expression] GO:0016020[membrane] GO:0016525[negative regulation of angiogenesis] GO:0018107[peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation] GO:0019901[protein kinase binding] GO:0031573[mitotic intra-S DNA damage checkpoint signaling] GO:0035497[cAMP response element binding] GO:0035861[site of double-strand break] GO:0042802[identical protein binding] GO:0044013[H2B histone acetyltransferase activity] GO:0045815[transcriptional initiation-coupled chromatin remodeling] GO:0045944[positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0046872[metal ion binding] GO:0051091[positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity] GO:0061629[RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding] GO:0090575[RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex] GO:0110024[positive regulation of cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation] GO:1902110[positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic process] GO:1902562[H4 histone acetyltransferase complex] GO:1990253[cellular response to leucine starvation] GO:1990837[sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding] GO:1990841[promoter-specific chromatin binding]