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General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene namei
Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.
Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).
Cancer-related genes Disease related genes Human disease related genes Plasma proteins
Predicted locationi
All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.
Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).
The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Chromosome
16
Cytoband
p13.3
Chromosome location (bp)
287440 - 352723
Number of transcriptsi
Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.
Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.
Component of the beta-catenin destruction complex required for regulating CTNNB1 levels through phosphorylation and ubiquitination, and modulating Wnt-signaling 1,2,3. Controls dorsoventral patterning via two opposing effects; down-regulates CTNNB1 to inhibit the Wnt signaling pathway and ventralize embryos, but also dorsalizes embryos by activating a Wnt-independent JNK signaling pathway 4. In Wnt signaling, probably facilitates the phosphorylation of CTNNB1 and APC by GSK3B 5. Likely to function as a tumor suppressor. Enhances TGF-beta signaling by recruiting the RNF111 E3 ubiquitin ligase and promoting the degradation of inhibitory SMAD7 6. Also a component of the AXIN1-HIPK2-TP53 complex which controls cell growth, apoptosis and development 7. Facilitates the phosphorylation of TP53 by HIPK2 upon ultraviolet irradiation 8....show less
Molecular function (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.
Developmental protein
Biological process (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they are involved in a particular biological process.
Apoptosis, Wnt signaling pathway
Gene summary (Entrez)i
Useful information about the gene from Entrez
This gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein which contains a regulation of G-protein signaling (RGS) domain and a dishevelled and axin (DIX) domain. The encoded protein interacts with adenomatosis polyposis coli, catenin beta-1, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta, protein phosphate 2, and itself. This protein functions as a negative regulator of the wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 1 (WNT) signaling pathway and can induce apoptosis. The crystal structure of a portion of this protein, alone and in a complex with other proteins, has been resolved. Mutations in this gene have been associated with hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoblastomas, ovarian endometriod adenocarcinomas, and medullablastomas. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]...show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The Splice variant identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the Swissprot and TrEMBL columns links to corresponding pages in the UniProt database.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide and number of predicted transmembrane region(s) according to in-house majority decision methods based on sets of predictors are also reported.
Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Plasma proteins Cancer-related genes COSMIC somatic mutations in cancer genes COSMIC Splicing Mutations COSMIC Somatic Mutations COSMIC Nonsense Mutations COSMIC Missense Mutations COSMIC Large Deletions COSMIC Frameshift Mutations Disease related genes Human disease related genes Cancers Cancers of the digestive system Cancers of eye, brain, and central nervous system Congenital malformations Other congenital malformations Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0000209[protein polyubiquitination] GO:0001701[in utero embryonic development] GO:0001932[regulation of protein phosphorylation] GO:0001934[positive regulation of protein phosphorylation] GO:0002039[p53 binding] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0005886[plasma membrane] GO:0005938[cell cortex] GO:0006913[nucleocytoplasmic transport] GO:0006915[apoptotic process] GO:0007605[sensory perception of sound] GO:0008013[beta-catenin binding] GO:0008022[protein C-terminus binding] GO:0009950[dorsal/ventral axis specification] GO:0009953[dorsal/ventral pattern formation] GO:0010629[negative regulation of gene expression] GO:0010800[positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation] GO:0015630[microtubule cytoskeleton] GO:0016020[membrane] GO:0016055[Wnt signaling pathway] GO:0016328[lateral plasma membrane] GO:0019899[enzyme binding] GO:0019901[protein kinase binding] GO:0019904[protein domain specific binding] GO:0030111[regulation of Wnt signaling pathway] GO:0030159[signaling receptor complex adaptor activity] GO:0030163[protein catabolic process] GO:0030178[negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway] GO:0030511[positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway] GO:0030877[beta-catenin destruction complex] GO:0031122[cytoplasmic microtubule organization] GO:0031398[positive regulation of protein ubiquitination] GO:0031410[cytoplasmic vesicle] GO:0031625[ubiquitin protein ligase binding] GO:0032147[activation of protein kinase activity] GO:0032436[positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process] GO:0032991[protein-containing complex] GO:0033138[positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation] GO:0034244[negative regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II] GO:0035591[signaling adaptor activity] GO:0036342[post-anal tail morphogenesis] GO:0042802[identical protein binding] GO:0042803[protein homodimerization activity] GO:0043161[proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process] GO:0043507[positive regulation of JUN kinase activity] GO:0043621[protein self-association] GO:0045599[negative regulation of fat cell differentiation] GO:0045732[positive regulation of protein catabolic process] GO:0045860[positive regulation of protein kinase activity] GO:0045893[positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription] GO:0046330[positive regulation of JNK cascade] GO:0046332[SMAD binding] GO:0048318[axial mesoderm development] GO:0048320[axial mesoderm formation] GO:0048468[cell development] GO:0048471[perinuclear region of cytoplasm] GO:0051248[negative regulation of protein metabolic process] GO:0051443[positive regulation of ubiquitin-protein transferase activity] GO:0060070[canonical Wnt signaling pathway] GO:0060090[molecular adaptor activity] GO:0060322[head development] GO:0060828[regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway] GO:0065003[protein-containing complex assembly] GO:0070016[armadillo repeat domain binding] GO:0070411[I-SMAD binding] GO:0070412[R-SMAD binding] GO:0071514[genomic imprinting] GO:0071944[cell periphery] GO:0090090[negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway] GO:1990909[Wnt signalosome] GO:2000060[positive regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process]
Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Plasma proteins Cancer-related genes COSMIC somatic mutations in cancer genes COSMIC Splicing Mutations COSMIC Somatic Mutations COSMIC Nonsense Mutations COSMIC Missense Mutations COSMIC Large Deletions COSMIC Frameshift Mutations Disease related genes Human disease related genes Cancers Cancers of the digestive system Cancers of eye, brain, and central nervous system Congenital malformations Other congenital malformations Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0001934[positive regulation of protein phosphorylation] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0005886[plasma membrane] GO:0006915[apoptotic process] GO:0008013[beta-catenin binding] GO:0010800[positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation] GO:0016020[membrane] GO:0016055[Wnt signaling pathway] GO:0016328[lateral plasma membrane] GO:0019899[enzyme binding] GO:0019901[protein kinase binding] GO:0030111[regulation of Wnt signaling pathway] GO:0030159[signaling receptor complex adaptor activity] GO:0030877[beta-catenin destruction complex] GO:0031398[positive regulation of protein ubiquitination] GO:0031410[cytoplasmic vesicle] GO:0031625[ubiquitin protein ligase binding] GO:0032147[activation of protein kinase activity] GO:0032436[positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process] GO:0033138[positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation] GO:0035591[signaling adaptor activity] GO:0042802[identical protein binding] GO:0042803[protein homodimerization activity] GO:0043161[proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process] GO:0045732[positive regulation of protein catabolic process] GO:0045860[positive regulation of protein kinase activity] GO:0045893[positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription] GO:0046330[positive regulation of JNK cascade] GO:0046332[SMAD binding] GO:0048468[cell development] GO:0048471[perinuclear region of cytoplasm] GO:0051443[positive regulation of ubiquitin-protein transferase activity] GO:0060090[molecular adaptor activity] GO:0065003[protein-containing complex assembly] GO:0070016[armadillo repeat domain binding] GO:0070411[I-SMAD binding] GO:0071944[cell periphery] GO:0090090[negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway] GO:2000060[positive regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process]
Phobius predicted membrane proteins SCAMPI predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Cancer-related genes COSMIC somatic mutations in cancer genes COSMIC Splicing Mutations COSMIC Somatic Mutations COSMIC Nonsense Mutations COSMIC Missense Mutations COSMIC Large Deletions COSMIC Frameshift Mutations Human disease related genes Cancers Cancers of the digestive system Cancers of eye, brain, and central nervous system Congenital malformations Other congenital malformations Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
