Testis

The testes constitute a paired organ, surrounded by layers of connective tissue, including the tunica albuginea. The testes are suspended in the scrotum by the spermatic cord, including the vas deferens. The main function of the testes is to produce the male germinal component (sperm) needed for reproduction and furthermore the testes are also important for the production of several hormones, including androgens.

Several complex steps that include stages of maturation, can be morphologically determined and visualized in cross sections from the seminiferous ducts. These stages include undifferentiated spermatogonia in the basal compartment followed by more luminal mature spermatocytes and spermatids. The stroma surrounding the seminiferous ducts is composed of loose connective tissue containing hormone producing Leydig cells and blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves together with few macrophages and mast cells. The Leydig cells are found in small clusters or as single cells in the interstitium between seminiferous ducts.

Normal testis

Section of normal testis, stained with hematoxylin and eosin for contrast.

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Testis

On microscopic examination, the testis has several components:

  • Seminiferous ducts that are responsible for sperm production and maturation
  • Tunica albuginea a layer of connective tissue surrounding the testis.

as well as blood vessels and connective tissue.