Pediatric lymphomaDifferential abundance analysis

Blood methods

Pediatric lymphoma

Pediatric lymphoma includes classical Hodgkin lymphoma, nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma, and peripheral T cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS).

Classical Hodgkin lymphoma and Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma

Hodgkin lymphoma accounts for 6% of childhood cancers. In western countries, it is most common in adolecents and occur rarely in toddlers, while in developing countries the rates among young children significantly higher. Hodgkin lymphoma can be classified into two broad pathological categories: Classical Hodgkin lymphoma and Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma. While they share similarities, they differ in the types of altered cells and, to some extent, in their symptomatology.

Most lymphomas occur in lymph nodes. The most common symptom is the rapid enlargement of painless lymph nodes. Hodgkin lymphoma often manifests in the cervical region but can also involve the thoracic cavity or abdominal region. The location of the lymphoma influences the symptoms experienced, lymphomas in the thorax may cause respiratory issues, while those in the abdomen can lead to pain. Additionally, lymphomas often produce systemic effects, regardless of their location, including fatigue, fever, and weight loss.

Treatment primarily consists of chemotherapy, and in some cases radiation therapy. The prognosis is generally favorable, with the majority of patients surviving.

NIH - Childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment

NHS - Hodgkin lymphoma

Peripheral T cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS)

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) is a rare subtype of lymphoma that does not fit into any specific category of T-cell lymphoma. Approximately 30% of all cases of peripheral T-cell lymphoma are classified as PTCL-NOS. This lymphoma arises from mature T cells and typically originates in lymphoid tissues, although it can metastasize to other organs.

Common symptoms might include swollen lymph nodes, unexplained weight loss, abdominal pain, swelling, fatigue, fever, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and skin rashes. The disease is categorized into four stages, which are determined by the location at the time of diagnosis. Treatment strategies depend on the specific type and stage of the disease and may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and stem cell transplantation.

NIH - Peripheral T-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment

Cleveland Clinic - Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma (PTCL)

Differential abundance analysis

This section presents the disease-specific results of the differential abundance analyses. The analyses are reported for three comparisons: 1) disease vs. all other diseases, 2) disease vs. diseases from the same class, and 3) disease vs. healthy samples.