Pediatric bone tumor

The bone tumors Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma are two types of sarcoma originating from the bones. There are numerous types of sarcomas, and their nomenclature often reflects their tissue of origin.

Ewing sarcoma

Pain is a common initial symptom of Ewing sarcoma. If the tumor has grown through the bone or is located directly in the soft tissue, it typically causes swelling that is tender to the touch. Additional symptoms may include fatigue, fever, and anemia. The treatment for Ewing sarcoma involves chemotherapy, combined with surgery and/or radiation therapy. Unlike osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma is sensitive to radiation. The location of the tumor and the extent of its spread are crucial in determining the treatment approach.

NIH - Ewing Sarcoma

Osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma is a bone tumor, typically arising at the ends of long bones, although it can occur in other skeletal sites throughout the body. The most common sites of involvement are around the knee joints. It accounts for approximately 5% of all childhood tumors. Pain is the most prominent symptom, often presenting early in the tumor's development and persisting even at rest.

Osteosarcoma is generally not sensitive to radiation therapy. Instead, treatment primarily involves intensive chemotherapy aimed at reducing tumor size, followed by surgical resection. Amputation is avoided whenever possible.

Osteosarcoma has the potential to metastasize, most commonly to the lungs. Currently, around 65% of patients are cured, with prognosis depending on the extent of the tumor at diagnosis and the feasibility of complete surgical excision.

NIH - Osteosarcoma

Differential Abundance Analysis Results

This section presents the results of the differential protein abundance analysis, visualized through a volcano plot and summarized in the accompanying table for all three comparisons: 1) disease vs. healthy samples, 2) disease vs. diseases from the same class, and 3) disease vs. all other diseases.