As part of the HPA program, several protein microarray formats were developed. All antibodies generated in the program have been analyzed with dedicated antigen arrays in which the specificity and selectivity of each antibody can be evaluated by comparing it to unrelated antigens. In addition, comprehensive protein arrays have been constructed containing more than 42,000 human recombinant protein fragments. These arrays have been used extensively for profiling autoantibody repertoires and antibody validation.
Key publication
- Schwenk JM et al., Determination of binding specificities in highly multiplexed bead-based assays for antibody proteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics. (2007)
PubMed: 17060675 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.T600035-MCP200
Other selected publications
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Nilsson P et al., Towards a human proteome atlas: high-throughput generation of mono-specific antibodies for tissue profiling. Proteomics. (2005)
PubMed: 16237735 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200500072
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Sjöberg R et al., Validation of affinity reagents using antigen microarrays. N Biotechnol. (2012)
PubMed: 22134247 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2011.11.009
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Sjöberg R et al., Exploration of high-density protein microarrays for antibody validation and autoimmunity profiling. N Biotechnol. (2016)
PubMed: 26417875 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2015.09.002
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Ayoglu B et al., Anoctamin 2 identified as an autoimmune target in multiple sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. (2016)
PubMed: 26862169 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1518553113
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Neiman M et al., Individual and stable autoantibody repertoires in healthy individuals. Autoimmunity. (2019)
PubMed: 30835561 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2019.1581774
Figure legend: The HPA 42,000 (42k) protein fragment array. The autoantibody repertoire in a plasma sample is seen on the upper plot; the lower displays the results of an HPA antibody validated on the 42k array.
Key facts
- Over 50,000 antibodies have been validated on antigen microarrays, and 76,000 tests have been performed in total
- Arrays comprising 42,000 antigens derived from 19,000 proteins have been assembled
- Over 90,000 samples have been analyzed within autoimmunity profiling-contexts since 2012
- The system has been used for population screens to detect specific antibodies to the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
