We use cookies to enhance the usability of our website. If you continue, we'll assume that you are happy to receive all cookies. More information. Don't show this again.
General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene namei
Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.
Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).
Disease related genes Human disease related genes Plasma proteins
Predicted locationi
All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.
Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).
The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Chromosome
3
Cytoband
q27.3
Chromosome location (bp)
186660216 - 186678234
Number of transcriptsi
Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.
Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.
Plasma glycoprotein that binds a number of ligands such as heme, heparin, heparan sulfate, thrombospondin, plasminogen, and divalent metal ions. Binds heparin and heparin/glycosaminoglycans in a zinc-dependent manner. Binds heparan sulfate on the surface of liver, lung, kidney and heart endothelial cells. Binds to N-sulfated polysaccharide chains on the surface of liver endothelial cells. Inhibits rosette formation. Acts as an adapter protein and is implicated in regulating many processes such as immune complex and pathogen clearance, cell chemotaxis, cell adhesion, angiogenesis, coagulation and fibrinolysis. Mediates clearance of necrotic cells through enhancing the phagocytosis of necrotic cells in a heparan sulfate-dependent pathway. This process can be regulated by the presence of certain HRG ligands such as heparin and zinc ions. Binds to IgG subclasses of immunoglobins containing kappa and lambda light chains with different affinities regulating their clearance and inhibiting the formation of insoluble immune complexes. Tethers plasminogen to the cell surface. Binds T-cells and alters the cell morphology. Modulates angiogenesis by blocking the CD6-mediated antiangiongenic effect of thrombospondins, THBS1 and THBS2. Acts as a regulator of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway; inhibits endothelial cell motility by reducing VEGF-induced complex formation between PXN/paxillin and ILK/integrin-linked protein kinase and by promoting inhibition of VEGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinases and alpha-actinins in endothelial cells. Also plays a role in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis and tumor immune surveillance. Normalizes tumor vessels and promotes antitumor immunity by polarizing tumor-associated macrophages, leading to decreased tumor growth and metastasis....show less
Molecular function (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.
Heparin-binding
Biological process (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they are involved in a particular biological process.
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they bind, are associated with, or whose activity is dependent of some molecule.
Copper, Metal-binding, Zinc
Gene summary (Entrez)i
Useful information about the gene from Entrez
This histidine-rich glycoprotein contains two cystatin-like domains and is located in plasma and platelets. The physiological function has not been determined but it is known that the protein binds heme, dyes and divalent metal ions. The encoded protein also has a peptide that displays antimicrobial activity against C. albicans, E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E. faecalis. It can inhibit rosette formation and interacts with heparin, thrombospondin and plasminogen. Two of the protein's effects, the inhibition of fibrinolysis and the reduction of inhibition of coagulation, indicate a potential prothrombotic effect. Mutations in this gene lead to thrombophilia due to abnormal histidine-rich glycoprotein levels. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014]...show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The Splice variant identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the Swissprot and TrEMBL columns links to corresponding pages in the UniProt database.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide and number of predicted transmembrane region(s) according to in-house majority decision methods based on sets of predictors are also reported.
Predicted secreted proteins Secreted proteins predicted by MDSEC SignalP predicted secreted proteins Phobius predicted secreted proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted secreted proteins DeepTMHMM predicted secreted proteins DeepSig predicted secreted proteins Plasma proteins Disease related genes Human disease related genes Cardiovascular diseases Hematologic diseases Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0001525[angiogenesis] GO:0002839[positive regulation of immune response to tumor cell] GO:0004866[endopeptidase inhibitor activity] GO:0004867[serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity] GO:0004869[cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity] GO:0005102[signaling receptor binding] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005576[extracellular region] GO:0005886[plasma membrane] GO:0006935[chemotaxis] GO:0007162[negative regulation of cell adhesion] GO:0007596[blood coagulation] GO:0007599[hemostasis] GO:0008201[heparin binding] GO:0008270[zinc ion binding] GO:0008285[negative regulation of cell population proliferation] GO:0009986[cell surface] GO:0010468[regulation of gene expression] GO:0010543[regulation of platelet activation] GO:0010593[negative regulation of lamellipodium assembly] GO:0010951[negative regulation of endopeptidase activity] GO:0015886[heme transport] GO:0016525[negative regulation of angiogenesis] GO:0019865[immunoglobulin binding] GO:0020037[heme binding] GO:0030168[platelet activation] GO:0030193[regulation of blood coagulation] GO:0030308[negative regulation of cell growth] GO:0031093[platelet alpha granule lumen] GO:0032956[regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization] GO:0033629[negative regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin] GO:0036019[endolysosome] GO:0042730[fibrinolysis] GO:0043065[positive regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0043254[regulation of protein-containing complex assembly] GO:0043395[heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding] GO:0043537[negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration] GO:0046872[metal ion binding] GO:0050730[regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation] GO:0050832[defense response to fungus] GO:0051838[cytolysis by host of symbiont cells] GO:0051894[positive regulation of focal adhesion assembly] GO:0051918[negative regulation of fibrinolysis] GO:0061844[antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide] GO:0062023[collagen-containing extracellular matrix] GO:0070062[extracellular exosome] GO:0072562[blood microparticle] GO:1900747[negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway] GO:2000504[positive regulation of blood vessel remodeling] GO:2001027[negative regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis]
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
