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General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene namei
Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.
Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).
Disease related genes Human disease related genes Plasma proteins
Predicted locationi
All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.
Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).
The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Chromosome
11
Cytoband
q13.2
Chromosome location (bp)
68683779 - 68691175
Number of transcriptsi
Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.
Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.
Endocrine hormone of the central and peripheral nervous systems that binds and activates the G protein-coupled receptors GALR1, GALR2, and GALR3. This small neuropeptide may regulate diverse physiologic functions including contraction of smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract, growth hormone and insulin release and adrenal secretion....show less
Molecular function (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.
Hormone, Neuropeptide
Gene summary (Entrez)i
Useful information about the gene from Entrez
This gene encodes a neuroendocrine peptide that is widely expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and also the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, adrenal gland and urogenital tract. The encoded protein is a precursor that is proteolytically processed to generate two mature peptides: galanin and galanin message-associated peptide (GMAP). Galanin has diverse physiological functions including nociception, feeding and energy homeostasis, osmotic regulation and water balance. GMAP has been demonstrated to possess antifungal activity and hypothesized to be part of the innate immune system. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2015]...show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The Splice variant identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the Swissprot and TrEMBL columns links to corresponding pages in the UniProt database.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide and number of predicted transmembrane region(s) according to in-house majority decision methods based on sets of predictors are also reported.
MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins TMHMM predicted membrane proteins Predicted secreted proteins Secreted proteins predicted by MDSEC SignalP predicted secreted proteins Phobius predicted secreted proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted secreted proteins DeepTMHMM predicted secreted proteins DeepSig predicted secreted proteins Plasma proteins Disease related genes Human disease related genes Nervous system diseases Epilepsy Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0004966[galanin receptor activity] GO:0005179[hormone activity] GO:0005184[neuropeptide hormone activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005576[extracellular region] GO:0005615[extracellular space] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005794[Golgi apparatus] GO:0006954[inflammatory response] GO:0007218[neuropeptide signaling pathway] GO:0007631[feeding behavior] GO:0008285[negative regulation of cell population proliferation] GO:0009410[response to xenobiotic stimulus] GO:0010737[protein kinase A signaling] GO:0019933[cAMP-mediated signaling] GO:0030073[insulin secretion] GO:0030141[secretory granule] GO:0031763[galanin receptor binding] GO:0031764[type 1 galanin receptor binding] GO:0031765[type 2 galanin receptor binding] GO:0031766[type 3 galanin receptor binding] GO:0031943[regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process] GO:0032868[response to insulin] GO:0035902[response to immobilization stress] GO:0043025[neuronal cell body] GO:0043065[positive regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0043627[response to estrogen] GO:0045944[positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0050672[negative regulation of lymphocyte proliferation] GO:0051464[positive regulation of cortisol secretion] GO:0051795[positive regulation of timing of catagen] GO:1902608[positive regulation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity]